CM-2024-035 - 2/2/2024Fire & Police Selection, Inc.
193 Blue Ravine Rd., Ste. 270 Folsom, CA 95630
Office: 916.294.4242 Fax: 916.294.4240
CONTRACT FOR ROUND ROCK FIRE DEPARTMENT PHYSICAL ABILITY TEST
Fire & Police Selection, Inc. (FPSI), a consulting firm located at 193 Blue Ravine Rd., Suite 270,
Folsom, California 95630, agrees to perform the tasks below for a fee of $18,000:
• Conduct a Physical Ability Test validation study using firefighter subject-matter experts
from the participating department (as described in Exhibit 1).
It is expressly understood that in selling the right to use its Physical Ability test, FPSI
cannot guarantee compliance with the civil rights laws or the requirements of federal or
state enforcement agencies. Nor does FPSI agree to stand as surety or otherwise
immunize the Round Rock Fire Department from any civil rights liability that may result
from the use of the test. The job analysis and validation study associated with this project
will greatly improve the defensibility of the PAT.
FPSI may provide litigation assistance for the Round Rock Fire Department if it becomes
the subject of any litigation or investigation by state or federal enforcement agencies
arising from the use of the entry-level Physical Ability Test. This assistance would be
provided on a time-and-charges basis at the consultant’s then published hourly rates.
• License the Round Rock Fire Department to use the custom-developed Physical Ability
Test validated by FPSI for testing candidates applying for employment with the
department indefinitely and as an annual maintenance test for incumbent fire suppression
personnel.
• Provide two (2) cutoff recommendation options for the candidate and incumbent Physical
Ability Test standard.
• Complete and submit a content validation report to address the requirements of the
Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978).
• Provide one copy of both the Proctor and Candidate videos and a Test Administration
Handbook to assist the Round Rock Fire Department with the construction of props.
• FPSI shall complete the services described in Exhibit 1 within eight-to-ten weeks
following the receipt of the executed contract, barring any unforeseen delays on the part
of the Round Rock Fire Department.
Initials: FPSI _______
RFFD _______
CM-2023-035
Participation in this study requires that the department provide a random sample of firefighters to
complete Job Analysis Surveys and Critical Events Surveys regarding their job as a firefighter
and to take the Physical Ability Test for norming and passpoint setting.
The Round Rock Fire Department will pay one-half (50%) of the contract upon receipt of the
validation surveys and the final one-half (50%) of the contract upon receipt of the cutoff
recommendations and Content Validity Report.
Round Rock Fire Department Fire & Police Selection, Inc.
Name: _________________________ Name:
Title: _________________________ Title: President
Date: __________________________ Date: December 15, 2023
Signature: __________________________ Signature: __________________________ Stacy L. Bell
Stacy L. Bell
City Manager
02/02/2024
Laurie Hadley
Exhibit 1
December 14, 2023
Re: Proposal for Developing and Validating a Candidate and Incumbent Physical Ability Test
(PAT)
Tom O’Brien, Captain – Fire Training Coordinator
Round Rock Fire Department
2801 N. Mays Street
Round Rock, TX 78664
Captain O’Brien:
Thank you for your interest in learning about the steps involved with developing and validating
an entry-level firefighter Physical Ability Test (PAT) for Round Rock Fire Department. Fire &
Police Selection, Inc. (“FPSI”) is pleased to provide you with this information and I have taken
the liberty of describing the process below in detail.
FPSI has provided firefighter pre-employment selection tests and validity study services to fire
departments across the country for over 26 years. Dr. Dan Biddle and Stacy L. Bell would be the
lead project managers responsible for providing the products and services described in this
proposal to the Round Rock Fire Department throughout the terms of the contract. Dr. Dan
Biddle is the CEO of Biddle Consulting Group and of FPSI. Dr. Biddle has his doctoral degree
in Industrial/Organizational Psychology. Stacy L. Bell has served as the President/Principal
Consultant to FPSI for the last 25 years and has her master’s degree in Industrial/Organizational
Psychology. Ms. Bell has served as the project manager, and provided services similar to those
requested by the Round Rock Fire Department to other departments in Texas such as Lake
Travis Fire Rescue, Kerrville Fire, Eagle Pass, Victoria Fire, Baytown Fire, Marble Falls,
Taylor Fire Department, and Rockwall Fire. Additionally, we’ve validated our PAT into large
metropolitan fire departments such as Baltimore City Fire Department, Long Beach Fire
Department, and Honolulu Fire Department. Collectively, Dr. Biddle and Ms. Bell have well
over five decades of combined experience in the development and validation of entry-level tests
used for the selection of firefighters and police officers.
FPSI’s Experience with Physical Ability Testing
FPSI is considered the leading expert in the area of physical ability testing for entry-level
firefighters. We are the developers of the world’s largest entry-level firefighter Physical Ability
Test consortium, authors of dozens of articles/book chapters, and speakers at national fire
conventions on the topic of entry-level firefighter PATs.
Our opinion on entry-level firefighter “new hire” testing is that it is always best to use a work-
sample physical ability test as opposed to a fitness (i.e., agility) test. The main reasons for this
are: (1) work-sample tests provide defensible testing in a way that connects the test events to
actual work behaviors performed on-the-job; (2) work-sample tests provided a realistic preview
to the candidates on the types of physical work behaviors they may one day perform on the job;
and (3) work-sample tests tend to have much lower levels of adverse impact against the protected
classes compared to traditional fitness tests.
Section 3B of the Federal Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) states:
“Where two or more selection procedures are available which serve the user's legitimate
interest in efficient and trustworthy workmanship, and which are substantially equally
valid for a given purpose, the user should use the procedure which has been
demonstrated to have the lesser adverse impact. Accordingly, whenever a validity study
is called for by these guidelines, the user should include, as a part of the validity study, an
investigation of suitable alternative selection procedures and suitable alternative methods
of using the selection procedure which have as little adverse impact as possible, to
determine the appropriateness of using or validating them in accord with these guidelines.
If a user has made a reasonable effort to become aware of such alternative procedures and
validity has been demonstrated in accord with these guidelines, the use of the test or other
selection procedure may continue until such time as it should reasonably be reviewed for
currency.
Whenever the user is shown an alternative selection procedure with evidence of less
adverse impact and substantial evidence of validity for the same job in similar
circumstances, the user should investigate it to determine the appropriateness of using or
validating it in accord with these guidelines...”
It is our strong recommendation that Round Rock Fire Department consider transporting the
validity of our well-validated PAT. FPSI’s PAT has been successfully used to screen tens of
thousands of firefighter candidates across the U.S. without any challenges. Our PAT is an
extremely robust measure of the physical abilities required to successfully perform the fire
suppression duties of the job, but in a way that doesn’t overemphasize upper body strength, like
most fitness/agility tests do.
FPSI’s PAT:
FPSI and Biddle & Associates (B&A) developed our current PAT back in 1996 in a consortium
effort with 41 departments from the Southern California area including the City and County of
Los Angeles and Orange County. The end-result was an eleven-event continuously timed work-
sample PAT that measures critical work behaviors and endurance. Both content and criterion-
related validity data was collected showing that faster performance on our PAT is indicative of
better job performance. FPSI was incorporated in 1996 and has validated various entry-level
firefighter PATs into over 30 fire departments (in addition to the original 41 departments in our
initial validation study). Cities using our PAT range from cities with a population of 1,190 to a
population of 9,900,000. The average size city using our PAT is about 100,000.
Transporting FPSI’s PAT:
The current FPSI PAT test events are used as a “template” in an attempt to transport them to the
Fire Department through necessary validation surveys. The data from these surveys will be used
to identify which of the 11, continuously-timed, test events will be included in the final PAT, as
well as to customize the test events to ensure that proper distances, weights, and pieces of
equipment are used to replicate the ways in which the work behaviors are performed by Round
Rock Fire Department firefighters.
The “template” 11 events on FPSI’s PAT are listed below:
Event 1: Dry Hose Deployment
Candidate advances pre-connected 1.75-inch dry hose line for 150 feet. This event simulates
extending a dry offensive hose line from an apparatus to a fire scene for fire fighting operations.
Event 2: Charged Hose Deployment
Candidate advances pre-connected 1.75-inch charged hose line for 70 feet. This event simulates
extending a charged offensive hose line to the seat of a fire for fire fighting operations.
Event 3: Halyard Raise
Candidate raises the fly section of a 35-foot aluminum extension ladder. This event simulates
extending the fly of a 35-foot aluminum extension ladder in order to access higher floors for
rescue, ventilation, and to conduct other fire fighting operations.
Event 4: Roof Walk
Candidate ascends and descends an 11-foot distance walking/crawling on the rungs of a 12-foot
roof ladder while carrying a simulated 20-pound chain saw. This event simulates walking on a
roof ladder with the appropriate equipment in order to perform ventilation operations.
Event 5: Attic Crawl
Candidate crawls a distance of 21 feet across a simulated attic area while carrying a simulated
flashlight in his/her hands. This event simulates walking/crawling on joists in an attic to search
for the extension of a fire.
Event 6: Roof Ventilation
Candidate stands on a pitched rooftop and strikes the roof 30 times with an 8-pound sledge
hammer. This event simulates making a ventilation opening in a roof with an axe or sledge
hammer in order to ventilate a fire.
Event 7: Victim Removal
Candidate carries or drags a 154-pound dummy for 26 feet. This event simulates removing an
injured or unconscious victim from a hazardous area.
Event 8: Ladder Removal/Carry
Candidate removes a 24-foot aluminum extension ladder from mounted hooks, carries the ladder
54 feet around a diamond shaped course, and replaces the ladder to mounted hooks. This event
simulates removing an extension ladder from an apparatus, carrying it to the site of use, and
replacing it to the apparatus.
Event 9: Stair Climb with Hose
Candidate climbs four flights of stairs with a 49-pound hose bundle and places bundle on the
landing of the fourth floor. This event simulates climbing stairs with a hose bundle in order to
facilitate the extinguishment of a multiple story fire.
Event 10: Crawling Search/Stair Descent
Candidate crawls on the platform of the fourth floor for a distance of 60 feet. Candidate places the
hose bundle on his/her shoulder and takes it back down the four flights of stairs. Candidate places
bundle down at the bottom floor. This event simulates crawling while conducting search and rescue,
hose deployment, or attic operations in a burning structure.
Event 11: Stair Climb with Equipment/Hose Hoist
Candidate picks up two air bottles (with shoulder strap) and returns up the stairs to the third floor. On
the third floor the candidate places the air bottles on the ground and hoists a 100-foot section of an
extended hose line up and over the balcony rail. The candidate then picks up the air bottles and returns
to the ground floor to end the test. This event simulates hoisting an extended hose line up a multiple
story building to facilitate fire fighting operations.
It is important to keep in mind that these events will be customized to fit the specifications resulting from
the data provided by Round Rock Fire Department firefighters. Some of the events may be significantly
modified and one or two of the events may fall out of the test if there is not sufficient evidence to support
its inclusion in the final PAT.
There are three important, and simple, steps required for transporting the PAT to your department. These
steps involve completing three validation surveys: The Job Analysis Survey; the Critical Events Survey;
and the Tool & Equipment Survey. FPSI will randomly select a group of incumbent firefighters to
complete these surveys:
▪ Job Analysis Survey–Incumbents will assign various ratings (i.e., content, frequency, importance,
performance differentiating) to those critical physical job duties from our validated entry-level
firefighter job description.
▪ Critical Events Survey–Incumbents will provide detailed information on the specifics of how
they perform the physical aspects of their job (e.g., the length of hose used, how far they drag a
charged and uncharged hoseline, the type of roof they most typically work on, etc.).
▪ Tool & Equipment Survey–One Fire Captain or Training Officer will complete a short Tool &
Equipment Survey. This survey will be used to identify the weights, lengths, and sizes of the
various tools and equipment used by firefighters on the job.
Random Sample of Incumbent– Round Rock Fire Department will provide FPSI with a list of all paid
incumbents who perform fire suppression duties by station and shift. FPSI will randomly select a group
of incumbents to complete the Job Analysis and Critical Events Surveys. The completion of these
surveys should take no longer than two to three hours. FPSI will select a diverse group of incumbents
from the various stations and shifts to avoid leaving the department with too many vacancies at any
particular station or shift.
Once all validation surveys have been completed by the randomly selected incumbents and returned to
FPSI for analysis, FPSI will determine which of the eleven test events can be transported to Round Rock
Fire Department. Upon the completion of this step, FPSI will then provide Round Rock Fire Department
with a “Test Administration Handbook” to use for the construction of the props. Any and all props
required for this PAT are very basic and require no more than some plywood, hammer, and nails. Our
PAT does not require the use of any equipment that the fire department does not already have on hand.
We have been told by other clients that the cost associated with the construction of the props is about
$2,000-$2,500 in materials.
The “Test Administration Handbook” specifically outlines the specifications of the necessary props and
how the course should be laid out. Once the props have been constructed and the course has been set-up,
the randomly selected incumbents can then participate in the norming process to identify an appropriate
cutoff time for the test.
Norming of the PAT:
Norming the PAT is quite simple. Those randomly selected incumbents will all run through the PAT
course and their times will be recorded by the lead proctor. Incumbents will be required to wear their
turnout coat, gloves, helmet, and an SCBA (not breathing air). All of the times will be recorded and
returned to FPSI for analysis. FPSI will use a variety of statistics to determine an appropriate cutoff time
to be used for selection purposes of future candidates.
Costs:
The costs associated with this project are based upon the size of your department. FPSI would provide
Round Rock Fire Department with a ground-up PAT complete with a customized cutoff time and a
Content Validity Report to use on new hire candidates and incumbents, and own, in the event that the test
was ever challenged for $18,000. Round Rock Fire Department would be provided with different cutoff
options for the candidate (i.e., “New Hire”) test and the incumbent test. This is a significant savings off
of our standard validation rates and is a one-time fee. This document will be invaluable to your agency
should a candidate ever challenge the validation behind the PAT.
If you elect to have an onsite consultant certify your site and attend the “norming process,” the one-day
training fee is an additional $2,000 and an additional $1,500 for every day thereafter up to three days of
attendance. This is an optional service, but many clients take comfort in having the site certified and an
onsite consultant to ensure that the proctors are properly trained at running candidates and incumbents
through the course. In addition to the onsite daily fees described above, all travel costs would be paid by
the department (e.g., hotel, airfare, transportation, per diem, etc.) according to our current billable rates.
Please note that at this very moment, we are not offering onsite certification during the pandemic as
our staff is not conducting any nonessential travel at this time. This could change in the coming
months. In the event that you do not elect to have an onsite consultant, rest assured that your staff will
have all of the materials and site certification forms it needs to properly set up the course without having
an onsite consultant. The vast majority of our clients decline this optional service. Neither Kerrville,
Victoria, Eagle Pass, Baytown, Taylor, nor Marble Falls elected to have an onsite consultant and were
quite successful in setting up and running their course using our offsite guidance.
Timeframe of Validation
The time frame for this project is about 4-6 weeks, assuming that all surveys are returned to FPSI in a
timely fashion and the norming process is completed shortly after the props are constructed. Listed below
are the requirements for this project:
Task Responsibility Amount of Time
Send all necessary PAT surveys FPSI One day
Complete all necessary surveys RRFD One week
Send back all necessary surveys to FPSI RRFD One day
Analyze Data from Surveys FPSI One week
Send out Test Admin. Handbook FPSI One day
Construct Props and Layout Course RRFD Two weeks
Run Incumbents Through PAT RRFD Two to Three days
Send PAT Test Times to FPSI RRFD One day
Analyze Times/Recommend Cutoff FPSI Two days
Write Content Validity Report FPSI One week
Total Time Necessary Approximately 4 to 6 Weeks
List of References
Name of City: Lake Travis Fire Rescue
Location: 15304 Pheasant Ln. Ste 100, Austin, TX 78734
Contact: Robert Abbott, Fire Chief
Phone: (512)266-2533
Date of Service: August 2012/June 2015/April 2018
Name of City: Kerrville Fire Department
Location: 87 Coronado Drive Kerrville, TX 78028
Contact: Eric Maloney, Fire Chief
Phone: (830) 257-8449
Date of Service: December 2015 and April 2022
Listed below are a number of projects we have worked on in a similar capacity to your request:
List of Fire Service Job analyses Completed for other Jurisdictions
In 1995-1997, 41 departments participated in a job analysis study with B&A focusing on 70 duties
relating to physical abilities. The participating departments were:
Los Angeles County
Alhambra Hermosa Beach Redondo Beach
Arcadia Inglewood San Gabriel
Beverly Hills La Verne San Marino
Burbank Long Beach Santa Fe Springs
Covina Los Angeles City Santa Monica
Culver City Los Angeles County South Pasadena
Downey Lynwood Vernon
El Segundo Manhattan Beach West Covina
El Monte Montebello Torrance
Gardena Monterey Park
Glendale Pasadena
Orange County
Anaheim Fullerton Orange County
Brea Huntington Beach Santa Ana
Costa Mesa Newport Beach
Fountain Valley Orange City
Several of the departments listed above also participated in earlier consortium job analysis and/or
test validation workshops with B&A in 1977 and/or 1990. Several agencies above also
completed custom job analysis projects with B&A. Other agencies not listed above for which
B&A or FPSI has completed job analysis projects include but are not limited to:
City of Bakersfield, CA 1998
City of Clovis, CA 1998
City of Fresno, CA 1998
County of Kings, CA 1998
City of Sanger, CA 1998
Anchorage Fire Department, AK 1999
Baton Rouge Fire Department, LA 1999
City of Oceanside, CA 1999
North Lake Tahoe FPD, NV 2001
Soldotna FD, AK 2002
Cripple Creek, CO 2005
Anchorage FD, AK 2006
Soledad FD, CA 2007
Fresno FD, CA 2007
Weber Fire District, UT 2008
Mount Pleasant FD, SC 2008
Wylie Fire Department, TX 2009
Concord Fire Department, IN 2011
Tacoma Fire Department, WA 2011
Tallahassee Fire Department, FL 2012
Aberdeen Fire Department, SD 2012
Lake Travis Fire Rescue, TX 2012
Honolulu Fire Department, HI 2012
Charleston Fire Department, SC 2013
American Fork Fire/Rescue, UT 2014
Central Mat-Su Fire Dept., AK 2014
Lake Travis Fire Rescue, TX 2015
Kerrville Fire Department, TX 2015
Baltimore City Fire Dept., MD 2016
Victoria Fire Department, TX 2017
Albemarle County Fire, VA 2018
Hastings Fire & Rescue, NE 2019
Santa Fe Fire Department, NM 2019
Baytown Fire Department, TX 2020
Washington Fire & Rescue, NC 2020
Marble Falls Fire, TX 2022
Ventura County Fire Dept., CA 2022
Harris County ES #12, TX 2022
Taylor Fire Department, TX 2023
Hobbs Fire Department, NM 2023
Captain O’Brien, if you have any questions about this proposal or any of the steps involved in
the process, please feel free to contact me directly at 916.294.4242 x. 245. If you are interested
in having FPSI conduct a webinar for your decision-makers to attend a Power Point
presentation on this process and to answer any additional questions you might have please
let me know and I will be more than happy to schedule a webinar in the coming weeks.
There are some significant differences between our PAT and the C-PAT that make validating
and administering our PAT much more user-friendly (e.g., course can be set up outside, there are
no required practice test sessions, etc.).
We have had great success with our PAT across the country. This is the world’s largest PAT
consortium and we are pleased with the diversity and quality of candidates produced by this test.
Additionally, this test has been used since 1996 to screen tens of thousands of candidates and has
never been challenged. I strongly encourage you to contact Chief Bobby Abbott and/or Chief
Eric Maloney as a reference to our products and services. Their departments have used this PAT
for their entry-level firefighter test for several years now, with great success! I look forward to
hearing from you soon and possibly setting up a time to discuss this proposal in more detail.
Sincerely,
Stacy L. Bell, M.S.
President
Phone: 916.294.4242 x. 245 Email: stacy@fpsi.com