R-05-01-13-10C1 - 1/13/2005RESOLUTION NO. R -05-01-13-10C1
WHEREAS, the City of Round Rock has prepared the "Tree Technical
Manual: Standards and Specifications, January 2005," which provides
standards and specifications based on generally accepted practices for
sound arboricultural practices, techniques and procedures which shall
serve as guidelines for trees regulated under Section 3.1100, City of
Round Rock Code of Ordinances, 1995 edition, and
WHEREAS, the City Council wishes to adopt the "Tree Technical
Manual: Standards and Specifications, January 2005," Now Therefore
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ROUND ROCK, TEXAS,
That the City Council hereby adopts the "Tree Technical Manual:
Standards and Specifications, January 2005," a copy of which is
attached. hereto as Exhibit "A" and incorporated herein for all
purposes.
The City Council hereby finds and declares that written notice of
the date, hour, place and subject of the meeting at which this
Resolution was adopted was posted and that such meeting was open to the
public as required by law at all times during which this Resolution and
the subject matter hereof were discussed, considered and formally acted
.upon, all as required by the Open Meetings Act, Chapter 551, Texas
Government Code, as amended.
RESOLVED this 13th day of January, 2005.
EST:
WELL, Mayor
City of Round Rock, Texas
CHRISTINE R. MARTINEZ, City Secreta
@PFDesktOp\::ODMA/WORLDOX/O:/WDOX/RESOLUTI/R50113C1.WPD/vr
EXHIBIT
Tree Technical Manual: Standards and Specifications
City of Round Rock, Texas
JANUARY 13, 2005
No Text
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Section 1: Tree Survey Standards 1-1
1.1. Introduction 1-1
1.2. Protected and unprotected trees 1-1
1.3. Types of tree surveys 1-1
1.4. Tree survey certification 1-1
1.5. Information to be gathered in the field 1-1
1.6. Information to be provided on the tree survey 1-3
1.7. Additional information 1-3
Section 2: Tree Protection Standards 2-1
2.1. Introduction 2-1
2.2. Critical Root Zone (CRZ) 2-1
2.3. Tree Protection and Preservation Plan & pre -construction requirements 2-2
2.3.1. Site plan reflecting Critical Root Zones 2-2
2.3.2. Tree protection notes 2-2
2.3.3. Pre -Construction meeting 2-4
2.3.4. Verification of tree protection 2-4
2.3.5. Tree fencing for protected trees 2-4
2.4. Tree pruning, tree surgery, and removal prior to construction 2-9
2.4.1. Pruning 2-9
2.4.2. Tree surgery 2-11
2.4.3. Tree removal adjacent to protected trees 2-11
2.5. Activities during construction and demolition near trees 2-12
2.5.1. Soil compaction 2-12
2.5.2. Grading limitations within the Critical Root Zone 2-12
2.5.3. Trenching, excavation, and equipment use 2-13
2.5.4. Tunneling and directional drilling 2-14
2.5.5. Construction impact mitigation 2-15
2.6. Damage to trees 2-16
2.6.1. Reporting 2-16
2.6.2. Penalty for damage to protected trees 2-16
2.7. Pavement and hardscape conflicts with tree roots 2-16
2.7.1. Removal and replacement of pavement and sidewalks 2-16
2.7.2. Alternative methods to prevent root cutting (Recommended) 2-16
2.7.3. Avoiding conflicts (Recommended) 2-17
2.7.4. Alternative base course material (Recommended) 2-17
Section 3: Tree Removal, Replacement, Planting, and Maintenance Standards3-1
3.1. Introduction 3-1
3.2. Tree removal 3-1
3.2.1. Allowable removal 3-1
3.2.2. Protected Tree Removal Permit Application 3-1
3.3. Tree replacement plan 3-1
3.4. Tree planting requirements 3-3
3.4.1. Species 3-3
3.4.2. Planting distances/spacing requirements 3-3
3.5. Tree stock and materials 3-4
3.5.1. Quality 3-4
3.5.2. Container grown/ ball and burlapped trees 3-4
3.5.3. Miscellaneous materials 3-4
3.6. Planting site preparation 3-5
3.6.1. Soil preparation and conditioning 3-5
3.6.2. Planter pit preparation 3-5
3.6.3. Drainage 3-5
3.6.4. Aeration tubes for trees 3-5
3.7. Planting the tree 3-6
3.7.1. Container grown trees 3-6
3.7.2. Ball and burlapped trees 3-6
3.7.3. Backfill soil, amended soil 3-7
3.7.4. Filling the hole 3-7
3.7.5. Constructing a berm or dam 3-7
3.7.6. Mulching 3-7
3.7.7. Staking or guying 3-7
3.8. Pruning new trees 3-8
3.8.1. Prohibitions 3-8
3.8.2. Pruning guidelines (Recommended) 3-8
3.8.3. Limb removal (Recommended) 3-8
3.9. Transplanting trees 3-9
3.10. Irrigation 3-11
3.11. Maintenance 3-11
Section 4: Administration, Inspection, and Enforcement 4-1
4.1. Administration 4-1
4.2. Inspection 4-1
4.2.1. Inspection by owner 4-1
4.2.2. Inspection by city representative 4-1
4.3. Enforcement 4-2
Appendix
A. Definitions A-1
B. List of Approved Trees for Planting in the City of Round Rock B-1
C. Bibliography C-1
D. Protected Tree Removal Permit Form
Prepared by:
Emsud Horozovic, Forestry Manager
City of Round Rock Parks and Recreation Department, Forestry Division
Forestry Engineer, B.S., University of Zagreb
The International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Certified Arborist TX -1105
Edited by:
Dale Ricklefs, MLS, Library Director
City of Round Rock Public Library System
Photos provided by:
Miklos Valdez, Forestry Intern
City of Round Rock Parks and Recreation Department, Forestry Division
Front cover, from upper left, clockwise:
Hidden Glen Forest Preserve
Street trees on Creek Bend Blvd., median and right of ways
Commercial landscaping at Jack -in -a -Box on Gattis School Road
Round Rock West, Oakridge Drive, 20 year old neighborhood
Back cover:
Live oak tree preserved on Brushy Creek Drive, 30 year old neighborhood
INTRODUCTION
Trees provide numerous benefits to quality of life in the urban area, such as
beautification, energy conservation, and increased property values. The City of Round
Rock is a fast growing city with a population of 84,000. In 1980, the population was
12,300. Much of the area has been developed or is in the process of being developed.
There are a few wooded areas remaining. The most common native trees, elms, and
oaks are increasingly scarce due to more than two decades of heavy development.
Meeting this challenge, the City of Round Rock Code of Ordinances, 1995 Edition
(Code), Section 3.1100, Tree Protection and Preservation was completely rewritten in
2004 to preserve the remaining trees on property under development or already
developed. This manual will refer to Section 3.1100 simply as "the Ordinance". The
Ordinance is the City's primary regulatory tool to provide for orderly protection of
specified trees, to promote the health, safety, welfare, and quality of life for the residents
of the City, to protect property values, and to avoid significant negative impacts on
adjacent properties. By assuring preservation and protection through regulations and
standards of care, these resources will remain significant contributions to the landscape,
streets, and parks, and continue to help define the unique character of Round Rock.
This Tree Technical Manual (the Manual), adopted by resolution by the City Council, is
published separately from the Ordinance and is maintained by the City Secretary with
distribution by the Forestry Manager. The Manual provides standards and specifications
based on generally accepted practices and provides guidelines for survey, protection,
planting, pruning, and irrigation of trees. If there appears to be a conflict in verbiage
between the Ordinance and the Manual, the Ordinance will take precedence. The goals
of the Manual are intended to provide consistent care and serve as benchmarks to
measure achievement in the following areas:
• Ensure and promote preservation of the remaining tree canopy cover
within the City limits
• Provide standardized presentation of tree survey data required by the City
• Increase the survivability of trees during and after construction events by
providing protection standards and best management practices
• Provide standards for the replacement of trees that are permitted to be
removed
• Provide standards for new tree planting, tree care, and irrigation
❖ Provide guidance on protection, planting, and care of trees in the city's
right-of-way and publicly owned lands
• Establish criteria for determining when a tree is hazardous and a possible
threat to the public health, safety and welfare
PRIMARY SOURCES CONSULTED
Standards and specifications were gathered from various sources as listed in the
bibliography. The International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) material was used for much
of the tree planting, pruning, and general tree care information. The Tree Technical
Manual produced by the City of Palo Alto was also consulted. The resultant standards in
this Manual are based on common practices in the area and the types of soils and trees
that exist in Round Rock.
SECTION 1: TREE SURVEY STANDARDS
1.1. INTRODUCTION
This section describes the format of tree surveys as well as the types of tree identification
required in the field. These standards and specifications assure a faster review process as they
relate to tree protection and mitigation.
1.2. PROTECTED AND UNPROTECTED TREES
Trees of all species that are at least eight (8) inches in diameter are protected except for
Chinaberry, Hackberry, Ashe Juniper, Chinese Tallow, Horse Apple, and exceptions as outlined
in section 3.1107 (1) of the Ordinance. For details related to protected trees, refer to the
ordinance.
There are three groupings based on size or designation within the protected tree family. The first
group includes trees with diameters of 8-19.99 inches. The second group includes trees with
diameters of 20 inches and above. The third group includes the "Monarch" tree as described in
Section 3.1106 in the Ordinance.
Trees less than eight (8) inches in diameter are not protected. However, healthy trees (good
branching structure, height, and spread similar to nursery grown trees) with diameters of 3-7
inches may be credited toward mitigation as described in Section 3.1109 (3) of the Ordinance.
Additionally, healthy trees with diameters of 3-19 inches may be credited toward mitigation as
described in Section 3.1109 (3) (a). The trees selected for mitigation will be indicated on the tree
survey and construction plans and will be protected in the same manner as a protected tree. The
Forestry Manager will approve the trees recommended for mitigation.
1.3 TYPES OF TREE SURVEYS
There are two types of tree surveys, partial and full. Elements required in a partial tree survey is
described in the definition of Partial Tree Survey in the ordinance.
1.4 TREE SURVEY CERTIFICATION
All tree surveys shall be certified. The tree survey will be performed by a certified arborist,
registered landscape architect, or a registered professional land surveyor. Protected trees over
eight inches will be surveyed and reflected on the survey graphically and in the legend. Protected
species of trees under eight (8) inches used for replacement credit will be illustrated on the
survey and legend as well.
If it is found upon field inspection that the survey is inaccurate, the tree survey will not be
accepted and reviewed and will be returned for corrections. This will delay the site plan or
preliminary plat review process while the tree survey is corrected and approved.
1.5. INFORMATION TO BE GATHERED IN THE FIELD
The data required to be collected and illustrated in the site plan include tree locations, diameters,
species, limits of construction, and certain tree graphics.
1. Location- Tree data submitted must be obtained from a ground survey. A number shall
be assigned and a corresponding numbered tag placed on each tree surveyed and
provided in the overall tree survey. Tree numbers will remain on the trees until the project
has received its certificate of occupancy.
1-1
2. Diameter -Diameters of existing trees are measured as follows. Diameter measurement
should be recorded to the nearest inch. Trees may be measured with a caliper, cruise
stick, standard tape measure or diameter tape.
Illustration 1-1: Measurement of trees
From: Guide for Plant Appraisals, 9th ed.
A.
B.
a. Straight trunk: Trees with fairly straight, upright trunks should be measured four and a
half (4.5) feet above the ground (See illustration 1-1 A).
b. Trunk on an angle or on a slope: The trunk is measured at right angles to the trunk
four and a half (4.5) feet along the center of the trunk axis, so the height is the
average of the shortest and the longest sides of the trunk (see Illustration 1-1 B).
c. Trunk branching lower than four and a half (4.5) feet from the ground: When
branching begins less than four and a half (4.5) feet from the ground, measure the
smallest circumference below the lowest branch. In this example, an alternative
would be to add the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the two stems measured
about 12 inches above the crotch. Then average the sum of these two branch areas
and the smallest cross-sectional area below the branches. This may give a better
estimate of the tree size (see Illustration 1-1 C).
d. Multi -stemmed tree: To determine the diameter of a multi -trunk tree, measure all the
trunks; add the total diameter of the largest trunk to one-half (1/2) the diameter of
each additional trunk (see Illustration 1-1 D). A multi -trunked tree is differentiated
from individual trees growing from a common root stock if there is a visible
connection between the trunks above ground.
1-2
3. Species- The name of the species, such as Live Oak, Cedar Elm, or Pecan, should be
accurately reflected. Tree types may be listed by common names or Latin names.
Indicating a tree name as "unknown" on a tree survey is not acceptable.
1-3
1.6. INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED ON THE TREE SURVEY
1. Trunk location- The trunk location on the plan must represent the center of the trunk at
ground level in the field. If the tree leans substantially above that point, show the direction
of the lean with an arrow. See the legend under the sample Tree Survey in Illustration 1-2
for an example.
2. Critical Root Zone (CRZ)- Trees are to be represented on the tree survey by a
concentric circle centered on the trunk location, with a radius equal in feet to the number
of inches of the tree's trunk diameter. For example, an oak tree with a trunk diameter
measuring fifteen (15) inches would be represented to scale on the tree survey with a
circle representing a fifteen (15) foot radius. Trees to be retained will be represented by a
solid circle. Trees to be removed are to be represented by a dashed circle. See
Illustration 1-2.
3. Diameters and types of existing trees- Tree diameters and types shall be shown on
the survey through a legend. Tree numbers on the legend will be correlated with the
appropriate tree circle drawn on the plan and the trees in the field. Trees to be removed
will be highlighted in bold print. Special conditions such as "dead" will be noted.
4. Tree numbers- Tree numbers on the plan will correlate with tags assigned to trees
during the survey.
5. Tree survey table: A table will be included listing all surveyed trees by number, species,
sizes, removal status, health conditions, and credit trees under eight inches. It will also
include a legend indicating the protection status of the tree. Additionally, it will include
calculations of the number of inches of trees to be protected, inches to be removed
without mitigation, number of inches under 20 inches, number of inches over 20 inches,
number of inches subject to mitigation, and number of inches credited. See illustration 1-
2 for reference.
1.7. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
There are other types of information related to tree structure and condition which may affect site
plan design. The Forestry Manager may request these types of information. The information will
be expressed as a written note on the survey and include the tree number and a description of
any of the following:
1. Crown configuration- If a tree has a crown which is skewed in one direction, this
information would be useful for surveyors to note. Project designers and plan reviewers
need such information to more accurately assess design impacts on such trees.
2. Crown Clearance- This information is often critical in determining whether a given
structure or vehicular use area can practically be placed within the drip line of a tree. If
this information is recorded, the surveyor should consider the vertical distance to any
major branches.
3. Condition- This is one of the principle factors in determining whether a tree should or
should not be preserved. Surveyors should not speculate about the condition of all trees
unless they have the necessary credentials; however if a tree is obviously in poor
condition, it should be noted to prevent unnecessary expense in trying to design around
it.
4. Spot elevation- Taking an elevation reading near the trunks of some trees will provide
valuable information for project designers. Since grade changes are the most destructive
1-4
impacts on trees, it is important to get the most accurate information possible. If there is
more than a six inch change, existing and proposed grade elevation will need to be
reflected on the tree survey.
Illustration 1-2: Elements of a Tree Survey
TREE SURVEY TABLE
Key
Tree #
Size—Species
R
1
8" – Live Oak
NP
2
10" – Hackberry – not protected
P
3
16" – Post Oak
P
4
36" – Cedar Elm
P
5
20" – Live Oak
NP
6
20" – Chinaberry – not protected
R -D
7
40" – Live Oak – Dead – not calculated
P
8
12" – Silver leaf maple
P
9
12"–Pecan
P
10
40" – Pecan
NP -C
11
7" – Pecan - Credit
NP -C
12
4" – Bur Oak - Credit
NP -C
13
5 " – Live Oak – Credit
LEGEND P- Protected
R- Removal of Protected Tree
R -D- Removed due to death or disease
NP- Not Protected Species
NP -C- Not Protected, Credit
Total inches protected trees on site: 144
Total inches that may be removed without replacement: 43
Trees under 20 Inches, total inches removed: 20
Inches subject to replacement: 20
Trees 20+ inches, total inches removed: 20
Inches subject to replacement: 60
Total tree inches credited: 16
Total inches to be replaced: 21
20 + 60 = 80 to be replaced
80 - 43 = 37 to be replaced without the tree credit
37 –16 = 21 to be replaced with the tree credit
Legend:
Tree to remain
Tree to be removed
•
to Tree to remain, direction of lean
1-5
SECTION 2: TREE PROTECTION STANDARDS
2.1. INTRODUCTION
The tree protection section of the Ordinance and the standards in this section are provided to
ensure that appropriate practices will be implemented in the field to eliminate undesirable
consequences that may result from uninformed or careless acts, and preserve both trees and
property values. Construction projects are required to implement the protective practices
described in this section.
Typical negative impacts that may occur during construction include:
.• Mechanical injury to roots, trunk or branches
• Compaction of soil, which degrades the functioning roots and inhibits the development of
new ones and restricts drainage, which desiccates roots and enables water mold fungi to
develop
:• Changes in existing grade which can cut or suffocate roots
• Alteration of the water table - either raising or lowering
• Microclimate change, exposing sheltered trees to sun or wind
3 Sterile soil conditions, associated with stripping off topsoil
2.2. CRITICAL ROOT ZONE (CRZ)
Each tree to be retained shall have a designated CRZ identifying the area sufficiently large
enough to protect the tree and roots from disturbance. The CRZ is defined as a radius equal in
feet to the number of inches of the tree's trunk diameter, with a minimum of eight (8) feet. The
CRZ shall be shown on all tree surveys, tree replacement plans, and construction plans.
Improvements or activities such as paving, utility and irrigation trenching and other activities shall
occur outside the CRZ, unless authorized by the Forestry Manager. Unless otherwise specified,
the protective fencing shall define the CRZ.
Illustration 2-1: Root zone vs. Critical root zone (CRZ)
From: Urban Forest Management Plan.
Activities prohibited within the CRZ include:
• Storage or parking vehicles, building materials, refuse, excavated spoils or
dumping of poisonous materials on or around trees and roots. Poisonous
2-1
materials include, but are not limited to, paint, petroleum products, concrete or
stucco mix, dirty water or any other material which may be harmful to tree health
• The use of tree trunks as a winch support, anchorage, temporary power pole,
sign posts or other similar function
• . Cutting of tree roots by utility trenching, foundation digging, placement of curbs
and trenches and other miscellaneous excavation without prior approval of the
Forestry Manager
• _ Soil disturbance or grade change
• Impervious paving
• Vehicular traffic
• . Drainage changes
Activities permitted or required within the CRZ include:
• Mulching. During construction, mulch may be spread within the CRZ. The mulch
may be removed if improvements or other landscaping is required. Where there
are areas of unprotected root zones in the CRZ, those areas shall be covered
with four (4) inches of organic mulch to minimize soil compaction. See Chapter 3
of this Manual for a more thorough discussion on mulching.
• Irrigation, aeration, fertilizing or other beneficial practices that have been
specifically approved for use within the CRZ and as defined by the Forestry
Manager.
Erosion Control. If a tree is adjacent to or in the immediate proximity to a grade slope of 8% (23
degrees) or more, then approved erosion control or silt barriers shall be installed outside the CRZ
to prevent siltation and/or erosion within the CRZ.
2.3. TREE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION PLAN & PRE -CONSTRUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
Prior to the start of any development project, the property owner shall have prepared and
submitted for review a Tree Protection Plan for all protected trees. The Tree Protection Plan will
consist of three elements: 1) illustrations showing options in tree fencing and protection (see
illustrations in this section related to fencing and protection), 2) notes as listed in section 2.3.2 of
this Manual, and 3) tree protection symbols on the tree protection plan as discussed in section
2.3.1 and illustrated in Illustration 2-2 of this Manual. The plan will be reviewed by the Forestry
Manager. The following elements will be addressed in the Tree Protection Plan prior to
construction:
2.3.1. Site Plan Reflecting Critical Root Zones- In addition to the requirements described in
the Tree Survey Standards, the CRZ to be enclosed with the specified tree fencing will be
indicated on the Tree Replacement Plan and all construction plans as a bold dashed line
with a TP placed between dashes (see Illustration 2-2).
2.3.2. Tree Protection Notes- The Construction Plan and Site Plan will reflect the following
tree protection notes. The following notes must be shown on plans accompanied by the
tree protection details as illustrated on pages 2-5 through 2-9.
1. All trees not located within the limits of construction and outside of disturbed areas
shall be preserved.
2. All trees shown on this plan to be retained shall be protected during construction with
fencing.
3. Tree protection fences shall be erected according to city standards for tree
protection, including types of fencing and signage.
4. Tree protection fences shall be installed prior to the commencement of any site
2-2
preparation work (clearing, grubbing, or grading) and shall be maintained throughout
all phases of the construction project.
5. Erosion and sedimentation control barriers shall be installed or maintained in a
manner which does not result in soil build-up within tree driplines.
6. Fences shall completely surround the tree or clusters of trees, located at the
outermost limits of the tree branches (dripline) or CRZ, whichever is greater; and
shall be maintained throughout the construction project in order to prevent the
following:
a. Soil compaction in root zone area resulting from vehicular traffic or storage of
equipment or material.
b. Root zone disturbances due to grade changes (greater than 6 inches cut or fill) or
trenching not reviewed and authorized by the Forestry Manager.
c. Wounds to exposed roots, trunk, or limbs by mechanical equipment
d. Other activities detrimental to trees such as chemical storage, concrete truck
cleaning, and fires.
7. Exceptions to installing tree fences at the tree driplines or CRZ, whichever is greater,
may be permitted in the following cases:
a. Where there is to be an approved grade change, impermeable paving surface, or
tree well;
b. Where permeable paving is to be installed, erect the fence at the outer limits of
the permeable paving area.
c. Where trees are close to proposed buildings, erect the fence no closer than 6
feet to the building.
d. Where there are severe space constraints due to tract size, or other special
requirements, contact the Forestry Manager to discuss alternatives.
8. Where any of the above exceptions result in a fence that is closer than 5 feet to a
tree trunk, protect the trunk with strapped -on planking to a height of 8 feet (or to the
limits of lower branching) in addition to the reduced fencing provided.
9. Where any of the above exceptions result in areas of unprotected root zones under
the dripline or CRZ, whichever is greater, those areas should be covered with 4
inches of organic mulch to minimize soil compaction.
10. All grading within protected root zone areas shall be done by hand or with small
equipment to minimize root damage. Prior to grading, relocate protective fencing to 2
feet behind the grade change area.
11. Any roots exposed by construction activity shall be pruned flush with the soil. Backfill
root areas with good quality top soil within two days. If exposed root areas are not
backfilled within 2 days, cover them with organic material in a manner which reduces
soil temperature and minimizes water loss due to evaporation.
12. Prior to excavation or grade cutting within tree driplines, a clean cut shall be made
between the disturbed and undisturbed root zones with a rock saw or similar
equipment to minimize damage to remaining roots.
13. Trees most heavily impacted by construction activities will be watered deeply once a
week during periods of hot, dry weather. Three crowns are to be sprayed with water
periodically to reduce dust accumulation on leaves.
14. When installing concrete adjacent to the root zone of a tree use a plastic vapor
barrier behind the concrete to prohibit leaching of lime into the root zone.
15. Any trenching required for the installation of landscape irrigation shall be placed as
far from existing tree trunks as possible.
16. No landscape topsoil dressing greater than four (4) inches shall be permitted within
the dripline or CRZ, whichever is greater, of trees. No topsoil is permitted on root
flares of any tree.
17. Pruning to provide clearance for structures, vehicular traffic, and construction
equipment shall take place before construction begins. All pruning must be done
according to city standards and as outlined in literature provided by the International
Society of Arboriculture (ISA pruning techniques).
18. All oak tree cuts, intentional or unintentional, shall be painted immediately (within 10
2-3
minutes). Tree paint must be kept on site at all times.
19. The Forestry Manager has the authority to require additional tree protection before or
during construction.
20. Trees approved for removal shall be removed in a manner which does not impact
trees to be preserved. Refer to the City of Round Rock Tree Technical Manual for
appropriate removal methods.
21. Prior to construction all lower tree limbs over roadways must be pruned to a height of
14 feet height using the techniques described in the City of Round Rock Tree
Technical Manual.
22. Deviations from the above notes may be considered ordinance violations if there is
substantial noncompliance or if a tree sustains damage as a result.
2.3.3. Pre -construction meeting- The demolition, grading and underground contractors,
construction superintendent and other pertinent personnel are required to meet with the
Forestry Manager or his designee prior to beginning work to review procedures, tree
protection measures and to establish haul routes, staging areas, contacts, watering, etc.
2.3.4. Verification of tree protection- The project arborist, landscape architect or contractor
shall verify, in writing, that all preconstruction conditions have been met (tree fencing,
erosion control, pruning, etc.) and are in place. Written verification must be submitted to
and approved by the Forestry Manager before demolition or grading begins.
Illustration 2-2: Site plan with tree protection fence illustrated as —TP—. Circles illustrate
the Critical Root Zone.
2.3.5. Tree fencing for protected trees- Fenced enclosures shall be installed at the CRZ or
the dripline, whichever is greater, to achieve three primary goals:
1. To keep the foliage crowns and branching structure clear from contact by
equipment, materials and activities
2. To preserve roots and soil conditions in an intact and non -compacted state
3. To identify the Critical Root Zone (CRZ) in which no soil disturbance is permitted
and activities are restricted, unless otherwise approved
2-4
Illustration 2-3: Examples of tree protection fencing surrounding the Critical Root Zone—
General Instructions
From: City of Austin
OARDS
7/ i
%4�i
C�%
BOARDS /A
TEMPORAROAD,
ROADWAY
9 --WOOD CHIP MULCH AREA OR EASEMENT C.R2.
100 mrrr-150 mm AS APPROVED
(e-6") DEPTH
FENCE LOCATION PRIOR TO
CLEARING, GRADING AND PAVING
LINEAR CONSTRUCTION THROUGH TREES
_RA
PAVINGAREA
CURB
FENCE LOCATION
DURING PERMEABLE
PAVING INSTALLATION
TREES IN PAVING AREA
I ]
UNIT OF
CONSTRUCTION UNE
AS SHOWN ON PLAN
NATURAL AREAS
MINIMUM NESESSARY YORK AREA
( TO 6 I MULCH 100 10 150 mm
C.R.Z.
ADD BOARDS STRAPPED TO TRUNK
DUE TO CLOSENESS QF FENCE
LESS THAIL 1.5 m (5) FROM TRUNK.
TREES NEAR
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
CRITICAL ROOT ZONE
mot
RADIUS - 12 rnrn P mm
(1 FT. PER INCH
OF TRUNK DIA
INDIVIDUAL TREE GROUP OF TREES
TREE PROTECTION FENCE LOCATIONS
2-5
Illustration 2-4: Examples of tree protection fencing surrounding the Critical Root Zone—
Chain link fencing, without and with adjacent obstruction
From: City of Austin
OF TRUNK DIAMETER
•A5 NEEDED 10 PROVIDE MNSI M NECESSARY WINK SPACE.
F LESS THAN 13 m (57, THEM ADO WARDS STRAPPED TO TRUNK.
TREE PROPTECTION FENCE
TYPE A — CHAIN LINK
2-6
TREE PROTECTION FENCE
MOOW1ED TYPE A - CHAIN LINK
Illustration 2-5: Examples of tree protection fencing surrounding the Critical Root Zone—
Wood fencing, without and with adjacent obstruction
From: City of Austin
`} ten•100mm
irs.,75x
100 Inn
1.5) m
(5'
CRITICAL R00T ZONE
ORE'UIE
TREE PROTECINMT FAKE
TREE PROTECTION FENCE -
TYPE B - WOOD
AS REOUI
24 mREU 0)FOR OR—
MAXIMUM TREE PROTECTION
1WCSOCD CHIPm MULCT
OF DI TER
*AS
LESS THAN NEEDED 1.5 PROVIDE
(5j THEN 00INIMUM 0 BOARDS STRAPPED TO TRUNK.
TREE PROTECTION FENCE
CRITICAL R00T ZONE
6 r FOR
500 mm DIA. TREE
(20'-0" FOR
20 CIA. TREE)
BUILDING
OMPLWE
® LO -W000 CHIP MULCH AREA
100 mm -150 mm
(4"-5") DEPTH TREE PROTECTION FENCE
MODIFIED TYPE B - WOOD
a. Exceptions to fencing along the CRZ
1. Where permeable paving is to be installed, erect the fence at the outer limits of
the permeable area
2. Where trees are close to proposed buildings, erect the fence no closer than six
(6) feet to the building
3. Where there are severe space constraints due to tract size, or other special
requirements, contact the Forestry Manager
b. Size and type of fence
Chain Link:
Chain link fences around protected trees shall be a minimum of five (5) feet high.
Fences are to be mounted on two inch diameter galvanized iron posts, driven into the
ground to a depth of at least 1 -foot at no more than 10 -foot spacing. This detail shall
appear on grading, demolition and improvement plans.
Wood:
Wood fencing will consist of vertical planks attached to 2x4 inch horizontal stringers
which are supported by 2x4 inch intermediate vertical supports and a 4x4 inch post at
every fourth vertical support.
c. Area to be fenced
1. Type I Tree Protection
The fences shall enclose the entire area under the dripline or CRZ, whichever is
2-7
larger, of the tree(s) to be saved throughout the life of the project, or until final
improvement work within the area is required, typically near the end of the
project.
Parking Areas: If the fencing must be located on paving or sidewalk that will not
be demolished, the posts may be supported by an appropriate grade level
concrete base.
2. Type II Tree Protection
For trees situated within a narrow planting strip, only the planting strip shall be
enclosed with the required chain link or wood protective fencing in order to keep
the sidewalk and street open for public use. For trees situated near buildings,
partial fencing may be necessary. See Illustrations 2-4 and 2-5 for examples and
specifications for partial wood and chain link fencing.
3. Type 111 Tree Protection
Trees situated in a small tree well or sidewalk planter pit, or when construction
will come within five (5) feet of a trunk, shall have the trunk protected with
strapped -on planking to a height of eight (8) feet or to the limits of lower
branches. During installation of the wood slats, caution shall be used to avoid
damaging any bark or branches. Major scaffold limbs may also need protection
as directed by the Forestry Manager.
Illustration 2-6: Example of bark protection—done when CRZ is Tess than an 8 foot
diameter, upon approval by the Forestry Manager.
_. ji..,\a‘t___
\....e.t____.. zaill 00,,,
0
z
ffiffll!
11111111
Illllllf
2x4 WOOD SLATS
BOTTOM AS NEAR TO
GROUND AS ROOTS ALLOW
TREE TRUNK (BARK) PROTECTION: WOOD SLATS
d. Duration
Tree fencing shall be erected before demolition, grading, or construction begins and
remain in place until the certificate of occupancy has been granted. Removal of the
fence during construction must be approved by the Forestry Manager. Fence
removal without the approval of the Forestry Manager will result in a stop work
order.
e. `Warning' sign
A warning sign shall be prominently displayed on each fence. The sign shall be a
minimum of 16 x 24 -inches and clearly state:
WARNING - Critical Root Zone - Encroachment may result in permanent
tree damage resulting in tree replacement.
2-8
Illustration 2-7: Sample signage for CRZ area.
Illustration from: Conserving Wooded Areas in Developing Communities.
2.4. TREE PRUNING, TREE SURGERY, AND REMOVAL PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION
2.4.1. Pruning- Prior to construction, various trees may require that branches be pruned
clear from structures, activities, building encroachment or may need to be
strengthened by means of mechanical support or surgery per approval of Forestry
Manager. The most compelling reason to prune is to develop a strong, safe
framework and tree structure. Cosmetic pruning is left to the discretion of the owner.
Consult an arborist or landscape architect for best practices if cosmetic pruning is
desired. However, practices such as limbing up should be avoided.
Heavy pruning just after the spring growth flush should be avoided. This is when
trees have just expended a great deal of energy to produce foliage and early shoot
growth. Removal of a large percentage of foliage at this time can stress the tree.
a. All trees except oaks (Recommended):
Most routine pruning to remove weak, diseased, or dead limbs can be
accomplished at any time during the year with little effect on the tree. As a rule,
growth is maximized and wound closure is fastest if pruning takes place between
November and February, the dormant period for Central Texas trees.
b. Oak trees:
Due to oak wilt disease, avoid pruning of all oak species in the spring and fall.
Clean cutting tools with a disinfectant between each tree pruned. Tree pruning
2-9
paint must be used on all pruning cuts on all oak species regardless of the time
of year of pruning.
c. Pruning limitations:
1. Minimum pruning- If the project arborist or landscape architect recommends
that trees be pruned, and the type of pruning is left unspecified, the standard
pruning shall consist of `crown cleaning' as described below. Trees shall be
pruned to reduce hazards and develop a strong, safe framework.
2. Maximum Pruning- Maximum pruning should only occur in the rarest situation
and be approved by the Forestry Manager. No more than one fourth (25
percent) of the functioning leaf and stem area may be removed within one
calendar year of any protected tree. It must be recognized that trees are
individual in form and structure, and that pruning needs may not always fit
strict rules. The project arborist or landscape architect shall assume all
responsibility for special pruning practices that vary from the standards
outlined in this manual.
3. Tree Workers (Recommended)- Pruning shall not be attempted by
construction or contractor personnel, but shall be performed by a qualified
tree care specialist or certified arborist.
4. Types of pruning
i. Cleaning:
The removal of dead, dying, diseased, crowded, weakly attached, and
low -vigor branches from the crown of a tree.
ii. Thinning:
The selective removal of branches to increase light penetration and air
movement through the crown. Thinning opens the foliage of a tree,
reduces weight on heavy limbs, and helps retain the tree's natural shape.
iii. Raising:
Removes the lower branches from a tree in order to provide clearance
for buildings, vehicles, pedestrians, and vistas.
iv Reduction:
Reduces the size of a tree, often for clearance for utility lines. Reducing
the height or spread of a tree is best accomplished by pruning back the
leaders and branch terminals to lateral branches that are large enough to
assume the terminal roles (at least 1/3 the diameter of the cut stem).
Compared to topping, this helps maintain the form and structural integrity
of the tree.
Illustration 2-8: Types of crown pruning
From: International Society of Arboriculture
2-10
5. Making Proper Pruning Cuts
▪ Tree topping is prohibited and may result in tree replacement.
o Stub cuts are prohibited.
o Cuts will be made just beyond the outer edge of the collar of live wood.
See Illustration 2-9 for an example.
• Don't use pruning paint or so called wound dressings, except for tree
pruning cuts on all oak species at all times due to the threat of oak wilt
disease.
O If a large limb is to be removed, its weight should first be reduced. This is
done by making an undercut about 12-18 inches from the limb's point of
attachment. A second cut is made from the top, directly above or a few
inches further out on the limb. This removes the limb leaving the 12-18
inch stub. The stub is removed by cutting back to the branch collar. This
technique reduces the possibility of tearing the bark.
Illustration 2-9: Proper tree cuts
From: International Society of Arboriculture
2.4.2. Tree Surgery- If it is necessary to promote health and prolong useful life or the
structural characteristics, trees shall be provided the appropriate treatments (e.g.
cavity screening, bark tracing, wound treatment, cables, rods or pole supports) as
specified by the project arborist or landscape architect.
2.4.3. Tree Removal Adjacent to Protected Trees- When trees are removed and
adjacent trees must be protected (as shown on the approved site plans), then the
following tree removal practices apply:
a. Tree Removal- Removal of trees that extend into the branches or roots of
protected trees shall not be attempted by demolition or construction personnel,
grading or other heavy equipment. A certified arborist or tree worker shall remove
the tree carefully in a manner that causes no damage above or below ground to
trees that remain.
b. Stump Removal- Before performing stump extraction, the developer shall first
consider whether or not roots may be entangled with trees that are to remain. If
so, these stumps shall have their roots severed before extracting the stump.
Removal shall include the grinding of stump and roots to a minimum depth of 24 -
inches but expose soil beneath stump to provide drainage. In sidewalk or small
planter areas to be replanted with a new tree, the entire stump shall be removed
and the planting pit dug to a depth of 30- inches. If dug below 30 -inches,
compact the backfill to prevent settling. Large surface roots three feet from the
outside circumference shall be removed, including the spoils and backfilled with
City approved topsoil to grade, and the area tamped to settle the soil.
2-11
2.5. ACTIVITIES DURING CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION NEAR TREES
Soil disturbance or other injurious and detrimental activity within the CRZ is prohibited unless
approved by the Forestry Manager. If an injurious event inadvertently occurs, or soil disturbance
has been specifically conditioned for project approval, then the following mitigation is required:
2.5.1. Soil compaction- If compaction of the soil occurs, it shall be mitigated as outlined in
Section 2.5.5.
2.5.2. Grading limitations within the Critical Root Zone-
• Grade changes within the CRZ are not normally permitted.
• If grading within the CRZ is approved, grading shall be done by hand or with
small equipment to minimize root damage
• Grade changes outside the CRZ shall not significantly alter drainage to the tree
• Grade changes under specifically approved circumstances shall not allow more
than four (4) inches of fill soil added or allow more than four (4) inches of existing
soil to be removed from natural grade unless mitigated.
• Grade fills over four (4) inches or impervious overlay shall incorporate an
approved permanent aeration system, permeable material or other approved
mitigation.
• Grade cuts exceeding four (4) inches shall incorporate retaining walls or an
appropriate transition equivalent.
Illustration 2-10: Options in tree preservation due to grade change
From: City of Austin
MORTERED
ROCK WALL
ei :1 * „ MORTERED
ROCK WALL
e 1:1
MORTERED
ROCK WALL
X1:1
PERMANENT PROTECTIVE WALL
AT CUT
DRAIN TILES
OPEN TREE WELL
AT RLL
FILL
LOOSE STONE
TREE WELL WITH RAISED GRADE
2-12
DRAIN
TREE WELL
Illustration 2-11: Changing grade around tree trunk by grading or fill. Trees which have too
high of a grade during or after construction will lack the root flare.
From: A Guide to Preserving Trees in Development Projects.
Illustration 2-12: Using retaining walls when natural grade must be raised or lowered.
From: Building Greener Neighborhoods.
M. Sail re ed
beyond
f-edsi,:n_g radii
2.5.3. Trenching, excavation and equipment use- Normally, trenching is allowed outside of
the CRZ. Trenching, excavation or boring activity within the CRZ is restricted to the
following activities, conditions and requirements if approved by the Forestry Manager.
Mitigating measures shall include prior notification to and direct supervision by the project
arborist or landscape architect.
a. Notification. Contractor shall notify the project arborist or landscape architect a
minimum of 24 hours in advance of the activity in the CRZ. As noted above, the
project arborist or landscape architect must notify the Forestry Manager before any
work begins in the CRZ.
b. Root Severance. Roots that are encountered shall be pruned flush with the soil.
Backfill root areas with good quality top soil within the same day. If exposed root
areas are not backfilled within the same day, cover them with organic material in a
mariner which reduces soil temperatures and minimizes water loss due to
evaporation.
c. Excavation. Any approved excavation, demolition or extraction of material shall be
performed with equipment sitting outside the CRZ. Methods permitted are by hand
digging, hydraulic or pneumatic air excavation technology.
2-13
If excavation or trenching for drainage, utilities, irrigation lines, etc., it is the duty of
the contractor to tunnel under any roots 2 -inches in diameter and greater.
Prior to excavation for foundation/footings/walls, grading or trenching within the CRZ,
roots shall first be severed cleanly 1- foot outside the CRZ and to the depth of the
future excavation. The trench must then be hand dug and roots pruned with a saw,
narrow trencher with sharp blades or other approved root pruning equipment.
d. Heavy Equipment. Use of backhoes, steel tread tractors or any heavy vehicles within
the CRZ is prohibited unless approved by the Forestry Manager. If allowed, a
protective root buffer is required.
Structural design. If injurious activity or interference with roots greater than 2 -inches will
occur within the CRZ, plans shall specify a design of special foundation, footing, walls,
concrete slab or pavement designs subject to Forestry Manager approval. Discontinuous
foundations such as concrete pier and structural grade beam must maintain natural grade
(not to exceed a 4 -inch cut), to minimize root loss and allow the tree to use the existing
soil.
Basement excavations shall be designed outside the CRZ of all protected trees and shall
not be harmful to other mature or neighboring property trees.
Illustration 2-13: Trenching and boring options illustrated.
From: Conserving Wooded Areas in Developing Communities
2.5.4. Tunneling and directional drilling- If tunneling or pipe installation has been approved
within the CRZ, the trench shall be either cut by hand, air -spade, hydraulic vac -on
excavation, or by mechanically boring the tunnel under the roots with a horizontal
directional drill and hydraulic or pneumatic air excavation technology. In all cases, install
the utility pipe immediately, backfill with soil and soak with water within the same day.
Installation of private utility improvements shall be tunnel bored beneath the tree and
roots per Trenching Tunneling and Distance Table in Illustration 2-14.
Emergency utility repairs shall be exempt from the above restriction zones within the
CRZ. The Forestry Manager shall be contacted after any such repairs that may result in
significant tree damage or removal.
2-14
Illustration 2-14: Trenching and boring distances.
TRENCHING DISTANCE
Tree diameter at 54 inches is:
8-19"
20"+
Trenching will be replaced with boring
if the CRZ is being encroached.
CRZ
8'-19'
20'+
DEPTH OF TUNNELING
00
Tree Diameter
9"or less
10-14"
15-19"
More than 19"
Depth of Tunneling
2.5'
3'
3.5'
4.0'
2.5.5. Construction impact mitigation- A mitigation program is required if the approved
development will cause drought stress, dust accumulation, or soil compaction to trees
that are to be saved. To help reduce impact injury, one or more of the following mitigation
measures shall be implemented and supervised by the project arborist or landscape
architect as follows:
a. Irrigation program- Irrigate or water weekly with 10- gallons of water per diameter inch
within the CRZ. Duration shall be until project completion or when seasonal rainfall
begins.
b. Dust control program-. During periods of extended drought, wind or grading, spray
wash trunk, limbs and foliage to remove accumulated construction dust.
c. Soil compaction damage- Compaction of the soil is the largest killer of trees on
construction sites due to suffocation of roots and ensuing decline of tree health. If
compaction occurs to the upper 12 -inches of soil within the CRZ by any means, then
one or more of the of the following mitigation measures shall be implemented.
i. Type I Mitigation. If an approved paving, hardscape or other compromising
material encroaches within the CRZ, an aeration system shall be designed
by the project arborist or landscape architect and used within this area
(subject to approval by the Forestry Manager).
ii. Type II Mitigation. If inadvertent compaction of the soil has occurred within
the CRZ, the soil shall be loosened by one or more of the following methods
to promote favorable root conditions: vertical mulching, soil fracturing, core -
venting, radial trenching or other method approved by the Forestry Manager.
2-15
2.6. DAMAGE TO TREES
2.6.1. Reporting- Any damage or injury to trees shall be reported the same day to the project
arborist, landscape architect, job superintendent or Forestry Manager so that mitigation can
take place. All mechanical or chemical injury to branches, trunk or roots over 2 -inches in
diameter shall be reported. In the event of injury, the following mitigation and damage control
measures shall apply:
a. Root injury: If trenches are cut and tree roots 2 -inches or larger are encountered they
must be cleanly cut back to a sound wood lateral root. The end of the root shall be sawed
off with a clean cut. All exposed root areas within the CRZ shall be backfilled or covered
the same day. Exposed roots may be kept from drying out by temporarily covering the
roots and draping layered burlap or carpeting over the upper 3 -feet of trench walls. The
materials must be kept wet until backfilled to reduce evaporation from the trench walls.
b. Bark or trunk wounding: Current bark tracing and treatment methods shall be
performed by a qualified tree care specialist within two days.
c. Scaffold branch or leaf canopy injury: Remove broken or torn branches back to an
appropriate branch capable of resuming terminal growth within five days. If leaves are
heat scorched from equipment exhaust pipes, consult the project arborist or landscape
architect the same day.
2.6.2. Penalty for damage to protected trees- In the event that protected trees or their roots
have been damaged, replacement may be required if the Forestry Manager deems that the
trees need to be replaced. Damaged trees will be replaced according to Section 3.1109 of the
Ordinance.
2.7. PAVEMENT AND HARDSCAPE CONFLICTS WITH TREE ROOTS
Conflicts may occur when tree roots grow adjacent to paving, foundations, sidewalks or curbs
(hardscape). Improper or careless extraction of these elements can cause severe injury to the
roots and instability or even death of the trees. The following alternatives must first be considered
before root pruning within the CRZ of a protected tree.
2.7.1. Removal and replacement of pavement or sidewalk:
a. Removal of existing pavement over tree roots shall include the following precautions:
Break hardscape into manageable pieces with a jackhammer or pick and hand Toad
the pieces onto a loader. The loader must remain on undisturbed pavement or off
exposed roots. Do not remove base rock that has been exploited by established
absorbing roots. Apply untreated wood chips over the exposed area within one hour,
then wet the chips and base rock and keep moist until overlay surface is applied.
b. Replacement of pavement or sidewalk: An alternative to the severance of roots
greater than 2- inches in diameter should be considered before cutting roots. If an
alternative is not feasible, remove the sidewalk and grind roots only as approved by
the Forestry Manager. Use a wire mesh reinforcement if within 10 -feet of the trunk of
a protected tree.
2.7.2. Alternative methods to prevent root cutting (Recommended):
The following remedies should be considered before cutting tree roots that may result in tree
instability or decline:
a. Grinding a raised sidewalk edge.
b. Ramping the walking surface over the roots or lifted slab with pliable paving.
c. Routing the sidewalk around the tree roots.
2-16
d. Inflexible paving or rubberized sections.
e. On private property, new sidewalk or driveway design should offer alternatives to
conventional pavement and sidewalk materials. Substitute permeable materials for
typical asphalt or concrete overlay, sub -base or footings to consider are: permeable
paving materials, interlocking pavers, flexible paving, wooden walkways, porches
elevated on posts and brick or flagstone walkways on sand foundations.
2.7.3. Avoiding conflict (Recommended)
Conflicts and associated costs can be avoided or reduced by the following planting practices:
• Plant deep rooted trees that are proven to be non-invasive.
• Over soil that shrinks and swells, install a sidewalk with higher strength that has wire
mesh and/or expansion slip joint dowel reinforcement.
• Follow soil loosening planting techniques to promote deep rooting.
• Install root barrier only along the hardscape area of the tree (but allow roots to use
open lawn or planter strip areas).
2.7.4. Alternative base course materials (Recommended)
When designing hardscape areas near trees, the project architect or engineer should
consider the use of recommended base course material such as an engineered structural soil
mix. Structural soil mix will allow a long term cost effective tree and infrastructure
compatibility that is particularly suited for the following types of development projects: repair
or replacement of sidewalk greater than 40 -feet in length; subdivisions with new street tree
plantings; planting areas that are designed over structures or parking garages; confined
parking lot median and islands or other specialized conditions as warranted.
2-17
SECTION 3: TREE REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT,
PLANTING, AND MAINTENANCE STANDARDS
3.1. INTRODUCTION
A protected tree may not be removed without City review and approval, except in certain
emergencies. The purpose of City review is to verify that the removal is allowed under the
Ordinance, and to prevent unnecessary tree removal. This section discusses conditions for tree
removal, replacement of protected trees, planting and pruning of replacement trees, and
maintenance.
3.2. TREE REMOVAL
3.2.1. Allowable removal- Tree removal is approved as part of the subdivision and site plan
process, or in the case of individual trees, through the tree removal permit process. These
three processes are defined in the Ordinance. A tree removal permit must be granted, or a
site or subdivision plan with a tree survey and replacement plan approved, before
removing a protected tree regardless of the condition of the tree.
3.2.2. Protected Tree Removal Permit Application- Tree removal applications are available
at the City of Round Rock Forestry Division. The form is required ONLY when a request for
tree removal originates with an owner of fully developed land, including a single family house
under construction. All other requests for removal of protected trees take place during the
subdivision and site development processes as defined in the Ordinance.
The form can be found in the Appendix. Additional information may be required by the
Forestry Manager. An application for a Protected Tree Removal Permit shall be processed
within fifteen (15) working days from the date the application is received.
3.3. TREE REPLACEMENT PLAN
Replacement requirements are defined in the Ordinance, and are limited to protected trees,
excluding monarch trees. It is important to note that tree replacements during the site plan
process will be addressed in both the Tree Protection and Preservation Ordinance and the
Landscape Ordinance. Whichever ordinance requires the greatest number of tree replacement
inches, that is the ordinance which will be followed in terms of the number of inches to be
replaced. The tree requirements of both ordinances will not be added up. See Section 3.1108 of
the Ordinance for the types of replacements that are required dependent on lot size and
development status.
In selecting trees to be replaced, the types of trees removed will be replaced with the same or
similar species. Each replacement tree shall be a minimum of three inches (3") caliper, a
minimum of ten feet (10') in height, and a minimum of five (5) feet in spread when planted.
Illustration 3-1 shows the type of information required on a tree replacement plan.
The Tree Replacement Plan will include four elements: 1) a table including the common or Latin
name; tree size in caliper inches, height, and spread; tree symbols; quantity; and for the purposes
of the Chapter 11, Zoning section 11.501, Landscape Development Standards, if the tree is
considered large, medium, or small; 2) a tree planting plan (may be combined with the Landscape
Plan); 3) proper tree planting details including planting hole, tree planting, staking, and mulching;
and, 4) notes on proper tree planting as described in section 3.7 of this Manual.
Illustration 3-1 shows the type of information required on a tree replacement plan.
3-1
Illustration 3-1: Tree replacement plan
Symbol
# of trees
Species
Size
2
Cedar Elm
Ulmus crassifolia
3" caliper
10'-12' high
5' spread
3
Chinquapin Oak
Quercus muehlenbergii
3" caliper
10'-12' high
5' spread
0
1
Pecan
Carya it inoiensis
3" caliper
10'-12' high
5' spread
0
3
Live Oak
Quercus virginiana
(fusiformis)
3" caliper
10'-12' high
5' spread
Required Replacement:
Total provided replacement:
7 trees @ 3" cal. = 21 inches
Designated with (R)
21 inches
TREE REPLACEMENT PLAN
(c)
3-2
3.4. TREE PLANTING REQUIREMENTS
3.4.1. Species- The replacement trees shall be the same or similar species unless the
Forestry Manager determines that another species would be more suitable for the location or
if there is a need to promote diversity of species. Factors to be considered include the long
term health of the tree in the location and its compatibility with adjacent uses as well as
design considerations.
If the Forestry Manager deems it necessary to plant species other than those that were
removed, the following issues will be considered.
Street trees: On any four hundred foot (400') length of street, a single species of tree
may be planted. On a length of street greater than four hundred feet (400'), no more
than twenty percent (20%) of the total number of trees shall be of one species.
Non -street areas: For plantings in non -street areas (parking lots for example), no
more than 20 percent (20%) of the total number of trees planted may be of one
species. Exceptions must be approved by the Forestry Manager.
The above restrictions are designed to avoid creating monocultures, or areas of plantings
made up of only one species of trees. Monocultures are undesirable because if a certain
species is prone to a particular disease or is more susceptible to storm damage or
temperature extremes, then it is likely the entire stand could die or be destroyed by a single
disease or weather event. Creating planting areas of several species creates a more diverse,
and therefore more resistant, urban forest.
Hackberry, Chinese Tallow, Chinaberry, Mulberry, Arizona Ash, Cottonwood, Poplar, Silver
Maple, Mimosa, and Willow. shall not be planted along city streets due to damaging surface
roots and the possibility of causing damage to sidewalks, utilities and curbs. These trees also
have short lifespans, weak wood, and susceptibility to disease and insects.
With the exceptions noted above, other species shall be chosen from the City of Round Rock
approved tree list provided in Appendix B of this Manual.
3.4.2. Planting distances/spacing requirements:
a. Minimum distance between newly planted trees
Large sized trees: 40 ft.;
Medium sized trees: 30 ft; and,
Small sized trees: 20 feet
b. Minimum distance from any underground utility, water meter boxes, and fire hydrant:
5 feet
c. Distance from trees to curb, sidewalk, or driveway: Minimum 4 feet.
d. Planting strips should be a minimum of 8 ft wide.
e. Minimum distance from buildings and similar structures:
Large size tree: 30 ft;
Medium size tree: 20 ft; and,
Small size tree: 10 ft.
f. Minimum distance from overhead utility lines. Trees cannot be planted under utility
lines. In order to avoid future interference of limbs, planting may take place as
follows:
3-3
Large trees: 30 feet from line;
Medium trees: 20 feet from line; and
Small trees: 10 feet from line.
g. From curb line of an intersection: 25 feet, which is subject to visibility triangles.
h. Minimum distance from stop or yield signs: 20 feet.
i. Distance from directional traffic sign: 10 feet.
j. Distance from street lights: 25 feet, or 15 feet if narrow growing species is planted.
Tree selection shall take into consideration ordinance requirements for height clearances as
defined in Chapter 9 of the Code. As they grow, trees will need to be pruned to provide
pedestrian clearance of at least 8 feet over sidewalks, and vehicular clearance of 14 feet over
streets.
Variations from the requirements listed above must be approved by the Forestry Manager.
3.5. TREE STOCK AND MATERIALS
3.5.1. Quality- It is the contractor's responsibility to supply tree stock that meets ANSI
760.1-1996 and any other standards addressed in this Manual.
• All trees installed within the City of Round Rock shall conform with the American
Standard for Nursery Stock.
• Trees shall be sound, healthy, vigorous, and free of plant disease and insect
pests or their damage.
• Container grown trees shall be grown for at least 8 -months in containers in which
delivered and shall not be root bound or have girdling roots. The root ball will be
moist and the roots will be contained within the container.
• Trees shall not have been topped or headed.
• The tree will have healthy leaves if it is the time of year for trees to have leaves.
• There will be no weeds growing out of the container.
• If the tree is multi -stemmed, the stems will not be squeezing against each other
or the trunk of the tree.
• Trees with broken tops, branches, injured trunks, poor structure, low branching,
poor vigor, and apparent poor quality shall be rejected and the Forestry Manager
has the right to reject them if they do not meet the quality standards.
3.5.2 Container grown/ball and burlapped trees- From April 1 -September 30, only
container grown trees will be planted. From October 1 -March 31, either container
grown or ball and burlapped (B&B) trees may be planted.
Recommendation: Regardless, due to the poor soil and high temperatures in our
area, it is recommended that container grown trees be used during all times of the
year.
3.5.3 Miscellaneous materials- The following materials shall be used unless otherwise
specified:
• Tree stakes. Metal T -posts shall be used.
• Tree Ties. Tree ties may include one of two types. The first is a 10 gauge wire,
cushioned with a rubber hose around the trunk. The wire should not touch the
trunk. The second is a plastic chain lock, also called twist brace.
3-4
• Mulch. All newly planted trees should be mulched with 2-4 inches of organic
mulch. Mulch should never be placed against the trunk of a tree. There should be
a space of 1-2 inches between the trunk and mulch. Mulch should cover the
entire tree planting hole. No volcano mulching is allowed.
• Root Control Barriers. Use along all public sidewalks, and indicate on approved
plans and drawings.
• Tree guards. For trees in turf areas requiring regular mowing and/or weed eating,
the tree trunk shall be protected with TreeGuard or equivalent.
• Tree grates. Where sidewalk width is less than 8 -feet and new trees will be
installed in a tree well, metal tree grates may be used and approved by the DRC.
Minimum size grates shall be 4' x 4' unless specified otherwise. All tree grates
shall be mounted in frames, frames inset into a concrete foundation within the
sidewalk or surface material, and shall be flush with the surrounding surface.
3.6. PLANTING SITE PREPARATION
3.6.1. Soil preparation and conditioning- All debris, wood chips, pavement, concrete and
rocks over 2- inches in diameter shall be removed from the planting pit to a minimum
of 24 -inch depth, unless specified otherwise.
3.6.2. Planter pit preparation
• Trees in a confined planter pit or sidewalk area: The planting hole shall be excavated
to a minimum of 30 -inches deep x the width of the exposed area. Scarify the sides of
the pit. Soil beneath the rootball shall be compacted to prevent settling.
• Trees in all other areas:
a. Mark out a planting area 2 to 3 times wider than the rootball diameter (the
wider the better). Loosen this area to about an 8" depth. This will enable your
tree to extend a dense mat of tiny roots well out into the soil in the first one to
ten weeks in the ground.
b. Excavate the hole's width a minimum of two times the diameter of the
container, and deep enough to allow the root ball of the container to rest on
firm soil with the top of the root ball even with the grade. Scarify the sides
and the bottom of the pit.
3.6.3 Drainage
Adequate drainage must be provided to the surrounding soil for the planting of new
trees. If the trees are to be planted in impermeable or infertile soil and water
infiltration rates are less than two (2) inches an hour, then one of the following
drainage systems or other approved measures must be implemented:
• French drain, a minimum of three feet in depth
• Drain tiles or lines beneath the trees
• Auger six drain holes at the bottom perimeter of the planting pit, at a minimum
of four (4) inches in diameter, twenty-four (24) inches deep and filled with
medium sand or fine gravel
3.6.4. Aeration tubes for trees
• Trees planted in sidewalk planter pits, planting strip, parking islands, or
medians shall use 4 -inch diameter perforated aeration piping (rigid or flexible),
circling the bottom of the planter connected to a `T' fitting to two riser tubes with
grated caps and wrapped with filter fabric. This detail shall be shown on the
approved landscape plans.
3-5
3.7. PLANTING THE TREE
After the hole has been prepared as described in Section 3.6 above, the tree is ready to be
planted.
3.7.1. Container grown tree
Pull the container away from the root ball. Don't pull the tree out by its trunk. Container
grown trees often have circling or girdling roots running along the edge of the rootball. If
they exist in this area, cut them and spread them apart. Place the root ball in the center of
the hole and adjust the tree so it is straight and at the proper level. Make any adjustments
prior to filling the hole with dirt.
3.7.2. Ball and burlapped tree
Rest the root ball in the center of the hole, and reshape the hole so the tree will be
straight and at the proper level. After adjusting the tree, pull the burlap and any other
material away from the sides and top of the root ball. Do not remove the burlap from the
bottom. if you adjust or lift the tree after the burlap has been removed you run the risk of
damaging the root system.
Illustration 3-2: Tree planting detail graphic
From: City of Round Rock
TOP OF ROOT BALL TO BE
FLUSH WITH FINISHED GRADE.
CUT TWINE AT TRUNK AND
ROOTOP VS
OFF BURLAP AND BALL ALL ROPES,
WIRES OR CONTAINERS.
BLACK RUBBER HOSE,
NIN, 1'-0" LONA.
10 GAUGE GALV. WIRE
METAL 'T' POSTS
INSTALL POLES MIN. i'-0'
INTO UNDISTURBED SUBGRADE.
DO NOT STURBHOSE AND L
WIRE AT LL.
CROTCH OF LOWEST BRANCH.
FILL BASIN WITH MIN. 'V' DEEP
LAYER OF SFECIFIED MULCH.
S. HEIGHT WATER RETENTION
BASIN.
WATER It TAMP TO REMOVE
SIDES AND BOTTOM
AIR POCKETS 6' MIN. ALL
3-6
FINISHED GRADE
UNDISTURBED SUBGRADE
COMPACTED PLANTING MIX
3.7.3. Backfill soil, amended soil
Backfill with the original soil unless the original soil has been removed or the soil is poor.
If soil must be amended, consult with a landscape architect or certified arborist in
identifying the most appropriate soil mix.
3.7.4. Filling the hole
Fill until the hole is half full. Flood the hole with a slow hose or tamp gently with your foot
to firm the soil. Repeat until the hole is full. Do not press too firmly -only firm enough to
hold the tree upright. Backfilling with soil and water or gently tamping will remove large air
pockets.
3.7.5. Constructing a berm or dam
Construct a small dam or berm three (3) feet in diameter around the tree. The berm
should be approximately three (3) inches high.
3.7.6. Mulching
Cover the entire loosened area of soil with 2 to 4 inches of mulch composed of shredded
wood or bark in the entire planting area. Mulch will be placed one to two inches away
from the trunk of the tree.
3.7.7. Staking or guying
Bamboo stakes, if any, will be removed. Staking or guying is to prevent movement of the
lower trunk and root system. Movement of the top is desirable and will strengthen the
tree. The stakes will be installed 12-18 inches in undisturbed soil outside of the planting
hole. Depending on height and size of the tree, stakes shall be six, eight, or ten feet tall.
Trees shall be staked with 3 metal T -posts. Metal stakes will not rub against tree trunks.
Tree ties will be located near the lowest main branch on the tree. Check a staked or
guyed tree monthly during the growing season and after storms or strong wind. The
system will be snug, but not to the point of making an impression on the stem or trunk. If
that happens , loosen the tie or wire around the trunk. Do not stake a tree any longer than
necessary. One or two growing seasons is all that is needed.
Illustration 3-2 and 3-3 show the proper staking and guying techniques. In Illustration 3-3
A, trees 3-4 inches in diameter are supported by three stakes. Branches should not rub
against the stakes. For trees over four (4) inches, guy wires should be used, with a
minimum of three guys. Cable or wire is attached to the tree by running wires through a
piece of hose or by using lag hooks on large trees. The guys should be secured to
arrowhead -shaped land anchors (C), wooden stakes (D), or deadmen buried in the soil
(E).
3-7
Illustration 3-3: Staking and Guying Trees
From: Principles and Practice of Planting Trees and Shrubs
A
3.8. PRUNING NEWLY PLANTED TREES
Young trees are pruned to allow for proper growth through the years. If the tree is of high quality,
it should need little pruning. It is no longer common practice to automatically trim a certain
percentage of limbs from a newly planted tree. The tree needs as much foilage as can be
available to assure rapid growth and solid leaf structure. This includes refraining from "limbing up"
and topping.
3.8.1. Prohibitions
Topping trees—tree replacement may be required if this is done
Limbing up trees (the practice of cutting the lowest branches to a desired height)
3.8.2. Pruning guidelines (Recommended)
Scaffolding/ permanent branches. Identify the scaffolding/permanent branches. The
lowest permanent branch should have a diameter of one-half or less of the trunk
diameter where the branch attaches to the trunk. The vertical spacing of permanent
scaffold branches should equal a distance equal to 3% of the tree's eventual height.
Thus, a tree that will be 50 feet tall should have permanent scaffold branches spaced
about 18 inches apart along the trunk. Avoid allowing two scaffold branches to arise
one above the other on the same side of the tree. Maintain radial balance with
branches growing outward in each direction.
3.8.3. Limb removal (Recommended)
The following may be removed.
a. Torn, damaged, dead branches. Remove the branch just outside of the branch
collar. See Illustration 2-9.
3-8
b. Double Leaders: Maintain a dominant trunk for at least six -eight feet without a
major fork. If the trunk divides into two or more relatively equal stems, favor one
strong stem and remove the others. Cut one stem back to a lateral branch.
c. Rubbing branches: Eliminate branches that are rubbing or will soon rub against
another branch.
d. Crowding: Give each branch room to grow with minimal competition for sunlight.
When possible, have major lateral branches evenly spaced eight to ten inches
apart along the trunk. If the tree by its nature would
loose too much foliage in the process of eliminating
crowding, maintain at least half the foliage on
branches in the lower 2/3 of the tree.
e. Narrow Branch Angles/Included Bark: Remove one
branch if the angle is 40% or narrower or if it appears
that the bark from the branch is becoming pinched
between the branch and the trunk.
f. Sprouts and Suckers: Remove sprouts and suckers.
g.
Temporary branches: Leave temporary branches that
are not competing with permanent, scaffolding
branches.
3.9. TRANSPLANTING TREES
Transplanting large trees is difficult, expensive, and requires expertise and equipment. Pre -
approval from the Forestry Manager and periodic inspections will be required for the transplanting
of a protected tree. Such trees will be under warrantee as if it is a new tree, and will need to
follow replacement requirements should the tree die or severely decline. When transplanting
protected trees eight (8) inches and larger from existing landscapes it is important to select
healthy, vigorous trees, dig an appropriate size root ball, select a site that is consistent with the
tree's cultural needs, provide a saucer shaped planting hole approximately three times the root
ball width, and then protect the root ball, trunk, and crown during lifting, transportation, and
storage. The most important and hardest part in tree transplanting is creating and implementing a
multi-year aftercare program, providing adequate moisture to the root ball.
When a tree is dug for transplanting, as much as 90% of its root system is left behind, severed in
the process of digging for transplanting. The tree has a hard time relying on 5-10 percent of its
root system doing the work of the 90 percent that was lost. Until it is well established, the root
system will have difficulty supplying enough water to the leaves. This stress impacts vigor of the
tree and also exposes the tree to the risk of being vulnerable to pests and diseases, as well as
less able to adapt to or withstand drought, extreme cold, and drying winds.
The following issues should assist in providing a successful transplanting. Considering the size of
the protected trees being transplanted, a professional arborist is required to assist in the process.
• Site- Before transplanting make sure the tree is a good match for the new site.
• Timing- Recommended timing for transplanting trees is during the dormant season,
when the tree is not trying to support its leafy crown.
• Health of tree- Select a tree that is in good health and shape and has no major defects
in its trunk branch structure.
• Success rate- Different species have different success rates in transplanting. Consult
with the your certified arborist on the success rate of the tree you want to transplant.
3-9
• Tree size- Most commonly transplanted trees range in size from 5-15 diameter inches.
Transplanting process -
Digging up the tree -
Dig up a wide root ball with appropriate depth and wrap burlap material with wire and
twine to save as much of root ball as you can intact.
A rule of thumb for trees over six inches in diameter is that a root ball = 10 inches
in diameter for every tree trunk diameter measured at 4' /z feet above the ground
(see Chapter 2 for a discussion on measuring the tree diameter in unusual
situations). In otherwords, a 10 inch tree should have a 100 inch diameter.
Likewise, the ball depth should be about 60% of the ball diameter. The same 10
inch tree should have a 60 inch depth.
While smaller trees can be transplanted using a tree spade or other specialty
equipment/techniques, larger trees will require mechanical digging equipment
and appropriate hoists and heavy equipment for moving the tree.
Transporting the tree -
During transportation the tree crown should always be covered with tarp to protect
the tree from drying out and windburn.
After transplanting -
Keep the root ball moist at all times.
Anticipate watering three times a week, or in very hot weather every day.
Continued watering will be required for several years.
Do not prune newly transplanted trees to reduce crown and compensate for
root loss. That will only further weaken the tree.
Mulch the transplanted tree with 2-4 inches of organic mulch to cover root ball.
The process of regenerating a normal root system will take several years, especially for large
trees. Immediately after transplanting, the tree will be susceptible to extreme stress. Moisture is a
critical factor in new root growth. Compacted soils and soil temperature also impact the growth of
roots.
(Abridged from "Transplanting Trees", by Patrice Peltier and Gary W. Watson. Arbor Age, January -March
2000.)
3-10
3.10. IRRIGATION PLAN
COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES:
The following requirements are mandatory for all tree replacement plantings.
An automatic irrigation system will be installed. Tree irrigation shall not share the same irrigation
zone, including valves and circuits, as shrubs and plants due to different watering requirements.
A minimum of one (1) bubbler each shall be provided for all newly planted trees. Trees larger
than 4 inches in caliper shall have 2 bubblers. Bubblers shall be located between 1-2 feet from
the trunk.
All automatic irrigation systems shall be equipped with an electronic controller capable of dual or
multiple programming. Controller(s) shall have multiple cycle start capacity and a flexible calendar
program, including the capability of being set to water every five days. All automatic irrigation
systems shall be equipped with a rain and freeze sensor shut-off device.
The irrigation system must be designed by a landscape architect or licensed irrigator. Please
refer to the Chapter 11, Section 11.501 of the Code for other specifications not addressed in this
section.
Watering schedule and methods
Newly planted trees will be watered weekly for the first two years. Ten (10) gallons per caliper
inch will be applied weekly. During June -September trees will be watered more frequently, or at
least during each permitted watering day (every five days).
Irrigation plans need to be submitted prior to final inspection.
RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES (RECOMMENDED):
Trees placed on residential properties are not required to have irrigation systems. When irrigation
systems do not exist, trees need to be hand watered.
• Keep the soil moist but not soaked. Water trees at least once a week at the rate of 10
gallons per caliper inch, unless it has rained, and more frequently during hot weather.
When the soil is dry below the surface of the mulch, it is time to water. Continue watering
weekly during the winter if there is no rain. Continue watering newly planted trees for two
years in this manner.
• Water the area within the dripline. A soaker hose is ideal as it can water a greater area at
one time and does not need to be moved as often.
3.11 MAINTENANCE
All newly planted trees shall be maintained by the owner. Maintenance practices shall consist of
all regular and normal maintenance of trees, including but not limited to irrigation, pruning, and
disease control. Plant material that exhibits severe levels of insect or pest infestation, disease
and/or damage, shall be appropriately treated, and all dead trees shall be removed and replaced
with living trees where required according to the city approved Tree Replacement Plan for the
site.
Failure to replace dead or diseased trees within thirty (30) days of written notification by the City
shall constitute a violation of the Ordinance.
3-11
SECTION 4: ADMINISTRATION, INSPECTION, AND
ENFORCEMENT
4.1 ADMINISTRATION
The Ordinance and the standards in this Manual will be administered and updated by the Forestry
Manager. Refer to Section 3.1112 of the Ordinance for more information.
4.2 INSPECTION
4.2.1. Inspection by owner
The project arborist or landscape architect retained by the applicant shall conduct the
following required inspections of construction sites containing protected trees.
Inspections shall verify that the type of tree protection and/or plantings are consistent with
the standards outlined within this Manual. For each required inspection or meeting, a
written summary of the changing tree related conditions and actions taken shall be
provided to the Forestry Manager.
a. Construction Meeting. Prior to commencement of construction, the applicant
or contractor shall conduct a pre -construction meeting to discuss tree
protection with the job site superintendent, grading equipment operators,
project arborist or landscape architect, and Forestry Manager. At this time all
tree protection fencing approved in the permit plans must be installed
correctly.
b. Inspection of Rough Grading. The project arborist or landscape architect
shall perform an inspection during the course of rough grading adjacent to
the CRZ to ensure trees will not be injured by compaction, cut or fill, drainage
and trenching, and if required, inspect aeration systems, tree wells, drains
and special paving. The contractor shall provide the Forestry Manager at
least 48 hours advance notice of such activity.
c. Monthly Inspections. The project arborist or landscape architect shall perform
monthly inspections to monitor changing conditions and tree health. The
Forestry Manager shall be in receipt of an inspection summary if there are
any changes to the approved plans, tree health conditions, or protection
measures. If the Forestry Manager is not in receipt of inspection summaries
prior to final inspection, he will assume that no change in tree conditions
have occurred in the field during construction.
d. Special activity within the Critical Root Zone. Work in this area (CRZ)
requires the direct onsite supervision of the project arborist or landscape
architect.
e. Landscape Architect Inspection. Prior to the issuing of the certificate of
occupancy, the applicant or contractor shall contact the landscape architect
to perform an on site inspection of all plant stock, quality of the materials and
planting and that the irrigation is functioning consistent with the approved
construction plans. The City shall be in receipt of a letter of compliance from
the landscape architect prior to scheduling the final inspection, unless
otherwise approved.
4.2.2. Inspection by city representative
There are four inspections performed by the Forestry Manager as described in Section
3.1112 (2) of the Ordinance. They include the following:
a. Site inspection at the site development plan or preliminary plat submittal.
b. Tree fencing inspection and other tree preservation measures.
4-1
c. Unscheduled site visits during construction.
d. Final inspection.
4.3 ENFORCEMENT
The Ordinance and the standards in this Manual are enforced by the Forestry Manager.
Enforcement is described in Section 3.1112 (2) of the Ordinance.
4-2
APPENDIX A: DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Manual the following definitions apply. Additional definitions may be
found in the Ordinance.
Certified Arborist is an individual who has demonstrated knowledge and competency through
obtainment of the current International Society of Arboriculture arborist certification, or who is
a member of the American Society of Consulting Arborists.
Compaction means compression of the soil structure or texture by any means that creates an
upper layer that is impermeable. Compaction is injurious to roots and the health of a tree.
Dangerous tree See Hazardous tree.
Dead Tree means a tree that is dead or that has been damaged beyond repair or is in an
advanced state of decline (where an insufficient amount of live tissue, green leaves, limbs or
branches, exists to sustain life) and has been determined to be such by a certified arborist. If
the tree has been determined to be dead, removal is permitted as defined in the ordinance.
Disturbance refers to all of the various activities from construction or development that may
damage trees.
Excessive Pruning means removing in excess, one-fourth (25 percent) or greater, of the
functioning leaf, stem or root area. Pruning in excess of 25 percent is injurious to the tree and
is a prohibited act. Excessive pruning typically results in the tree appearing as a 'bonsai',
'lion's -tailed', `lolly -popped' or overly thinned.
Unbalanced Crown. Excessive pruning also includes removal of the leaf or stem area
predominantly on one side, topping, or excessive tree canopy or crown raising.
Exceptions are when clearance from overhead utilities or public improvements is
required or to abate a hazardous condition or a public nuisance.
Roots. Excessive pruning may include the cutting of any root two (2) inches or greater in
diameter and/or severing in excess of 25 percent of the roots.
Hazardous Tree refers to a tree that possesses a structural defect which poses an imminent risk
if the tree or part of the tree that would fall on someone or something of value (target).
. Structural defect means any structural weakness or deformity of a tree or its parts. A tree with
a structural defect can be verified to be hazardous by a certified arborist and confirmed as
such by the Forestry Manager. The Forestry Manager retains discretionary right to approve or
amend a hazardous rating, in writing, and recommend any action that may reduce the
condition to a less -than significant level of hazard. If the tree has been determined to be
hazardous, removal of the tree is permitted as provided for in the Ordinance.
Injury means a wound resulting from any activity, including but not limited to `excessive pruning',
cutting, trenching, excavating, altering the grade, paving or compaction within the tree
protection zone of a tree. Injury shall include bruising, scarring, tearing or breaking of roots,
bark, trunk, branches or foliage, herbicide or poisoning, or any other action foreseeably
leading to the death or permanent damage to tree health.
Manual means this Tree Technical Manual: Standards and Specifications.
Project Arborist means a certified arborist retained by a property owner or development applicant
for the purpose of overseeing on-site activity involving the welfare of the trees to be retained.
The project arborist shall be responsible for all reports, appraisals, tree preservation plans, or
inspections as required.
Appendix A- 1
Protective Tree Fencing means a temporary enclosure erected around a tree to be protected at
the boundary of the tree protection zone. The fence serves three primary functions: 1) to
keep the foliage crown, branch structure and trunk clear from direct contact and damage by
equipment, materials or disturbances; 2) to preserve roots and soil in an intact and non -
compacted state; and 3) to identify the tree protection zone in which no soil disturbance is
permitted and activities are restricted.
(covered in ordinance)
Root Buffer means a temporary layer of material to protect the soil texture and roots. The buffer
shall consist of a base course of tree chips or mulch spread over the root area to a minimum
of 6 -inch depth.
Site Plan means a set of drawings (e.g. preliminary drawings, site plan, grading, demolition,
building, utilities, landscape, irrigation, tree survey, etc.) that show existing site conditions and
proposed landscape improvements, including trees to be removed, relocated or to be
retained. Site plans shall include the following minimum information that may impact trees:
• Surveyed tree location, species, size, dripline area (including trees located on
neighboring property that overhang the project site) and protected trees within 30 -feet of
the project site.
• Paving, concrete, trenching or grade change located within the tree protection zone.
• Existing and proposed utility pathways.
• Surface and subsurface drainage and aeration systems to be used.
• Walls, tree wells, retaining walls and grade change barriers, both temporary and
permanent.
• Landscaping, irrigation and lighting within dripline of trees, including all lines, valves, etc.
• Location of other landscaping and significant features:
• All of the final approved site plan sheets shall reference tree protection instructions.
Soil Compaction means the compression of soil particles that may result from the movement of
heavy machinery and trucks, storage of construction materials, structures, paving, etc. within
the tree protection zone. Soil compaction can result in atrophy of roots and potential death of
the tree, with symptoms often taking 3 to 10 -years to manifest.
Soil Fracturing means the loosening of hard or compacted soil around a tree by means of a
pneumatic soil probe that delivers sudden bursts of air to crack, loosen or expand the soil to
improve the root growing environment.
Target is a term used to include people, vehicles, structures or something subject to damage by a
tree.
Note: A tree may not be a hazard if a "target" is absent within the falling distance of a tree or its
parts (e.g., a defective tree in a non -populated area away from pathways may not be considered a
hazard)
Trenching means any excavation to provide irrigation, install foundations, utility lines, services,
pipe, drainage or other property improvements below grade. Trenching within the CRZ is
injurious to roots and tree health and is prohibited, unless approved. If trenching is approved
within the CRZ, it must be in accordance with instructions and table outlined in this Manual.
Verification of Tree Protection means the project arborist shall verify, in writing, that all pre -
construction conditions have been met (tree fencing, erosion control, pruning, etc.) and are in
place. An initial inspection of protective fencing and written verification must be submitted to
the Forestry Manager prior to demolition, grading or building permit issuance.
Vertical Mulching means augering, hydraulic or air excavation of vertical holes within a tree's root
zone to loosen and aerate the soil, typically to mitigate compacted soil. Holes are typically
Appendix A- 2
penetrated 4- to 6 -feet on center, 2- to 3 -feet deep, 2- to 6 -inches in diameter and backfilled
with either perlite, vermiculite, peat moss or a mixture thereof.
Appendix A- 3
Common Name
APPENDIX B: TREE LIST
LIST OF APPROVED TREES FOR PLANTING
IN THE CITY OF ROUND ROCK
Scientific Name
Large Trees (mature height 40 feet or more)
American Elm
Bald Cypress
Bur Oak
Cedar Elm
Chinese (Lacebark) Elm
Chinquapin Oak
Deodar Cedar
Eastern Black Walnut
Italian Stone Pine
Live Oak
Mexican Sycamore
Monterey (Mexican white) Oak
Montezuma Cypress
Pecan
Post Oak
Shumard Red Oak
Southern Magnolia
Weeping Willow
Arizona Cypress
Bigtooth Maple
Callery Pear "Aristocrat"
Carolina Cherry Laurel
Chinese Pistache
Eastern Red Cedar
Eldarica (Afghan) Pine
Escarpment Black Cherry
Goldenrain Tree
Lacey Oak
Mesquite
Texas (Little) Walnut
Texas (Spanish) Red Oak
Texas Ash
Western Soapberry
American Smoke Tree
Blanco Crab Apple
Carolina Buckthorn
Chitalpa
Crape Myrtle
Ulmus American
Taxodium distichum
Quercus macrocarpa
Ulmus crassifolia
Ulmus parvifolia
Quercus muehlenbergii
Cedrus deodara
Juglans nigra
Pinus pinea
Quercus virginiana (fusiformis)
Platanus mexicana
Quercus polymorpha
Taxodium mucronatum
Carya illinoiensis
Quercus stellata
Quercus shumardii
Magnolia grandiflora
Salix babylonica.
Medium Trees (mature height 25-40 feet)
Cupressus arizonica
Acer grandidentatum
Pyrus calleryana cultivar 'Aristocrat'
Prunus caroliniana
Pistacia chinensis
Juniperus viginiana
Pinus elderica
Prunus serotina ssp. eximia
Koelreuteria paniculata
Quercus laceyi
Prosopis glandulosa
Juglans microcarpa
Quercus buckleyi
Fraxinus texensis
Sapindus drummondii
Small Trees (mature height 8-25 feet)
Cotinus obovatus
Pyrus ioensis
Rhamnus caroliniana
Chilopsis x Catalpa
Lagerstromia indica
Appendix B-1
Desert Willow Chilopsis linearis
Eve's Necklace Sophora affinis
Flameleaf Sumac Rhus copallina
Loquat Eriobotrya japonica
Mexican Buckeye Ungnadia speciosa
Mexican Plum Prunus mexicana
Mountain Laurel Sophora secundiflora
Possumhaw Holly Ilex decidua
Rough -Leaf Dogwood Cornus drummondii
Texas Madrone Arbutus xalapensis
Texas Persimmon Diospyros texana.
Texas Pistache Pistacia texana
Texas Redbud Cercis canadensis
Vitex Vitex spp.
Wax Myrtle Myrica cerifera
Yaupon Holly Illex vomitoria
Appendix B-2
APPENDIX C: BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sources Cited
American Forests and National Association of Home Builders. Building Greener Neighborhoods.
2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Forests, 1998.
Burditt Associates. Urban Forest Management Plan, City of College Station, Texas. Conroe, TX:
Burditt Associates, 2002.
Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers. Guide for Plant Appraisal. 9th ed. Champaign, IL:
International Society of Arboriculture, 2000.
Dockter, Dave. Tree Technical Manual, Standards and Specifications. Palo Alto, CA: City of Palo
Alto, Department of Planning and Community Development, 2001.
Elmendorf, William. A Guide to Preserving Trees in Development Projects. University Park, PA:
Pennsylvania State University, School of Forest Resources, 1999.
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry. Conserving Wooded Areas in
Developing Communities: Best Manaqement Practices in Minnesota. St Paul, MN:
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Natural Resources, 1999.
Peltier, Patrice and Gary W. Watson. "Transplanting Trees, Part 1: Preparing the Plant and Site
for a Successful Move." Arbor Age January 2000: 8-15.
Peltier, Patrice and Gary W. Watson. "Transplanting Trees, Part 2: Improve Your Tree
Transplanting Survival Rates with These Transportation and Storage Tips." Arbor Age
February 2000: 8-13.
Peltier, Patrice and Gary W. Watson. "Transplanting Trees, Part 1: The "After Care" of
Transplanting Trees Is the Most Critical Step." Arbor Age March 2000: 8-15.
Seattle, Urban Forest Coalition. A City Among the Trees, An Urban Forestry Resource Guide.
Seattle, WA: City of Seattle, 1998.
TreeFolks. Tree Planting Guide. Austin, Texas: Tree Folks, 2000.
Watson, Gary W. and E. B. Himelick. Principles and Practice of Planting Trees and Shrubs.
Savoy, IL: International Society of Aboriculture, 1997.
Additional Resources
American Association of Nurserymen. American Standard for Nursery Stock, ANSI Z60.1-1996.
Washington, DC: American Association of Nurserymen, 1997.
ANSI Z133.1-1994. American National Standards Institute Standard for Tree Care Operations—
Pruninq, Trimming, Repairing, Maintaining and Removing Trees, and Cutting Brush—
Safety Requirements.
ANZI A300-1995. American National Standards Institute Standard for Tree Care Operations—
Pruninq, Trimming, Repairing, Maintaining, and Removing Trees and Cutting Brush—
Standard Practice.
Appendix C-1
Clark, James R., Richard W. Harris and Nelda P. Matheny. Arboriculture Integrated Management
of Landscape Trees, Shrubs, And Vines. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall,
1999.
Gilman, Edward F. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. 2nd ed. Albany, NY: Delmar, 2002.
Matheny, Nelda and James R. Clark. Trees and Development, A Technical Guide to Preservaiton
of Trees During Land Development. Champaign, IL: International Society of Arboriculture,
1998.
Miller, Nancy L., David M. Rathke, and Gary R. Johnson. Protecting Trees from Construction
Damage, A Homeowner's Guide. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Minnesota
Extension Service, 1993.
Moll, Gary and Stanley Young. Growing Greener Cities A Tree -Planting Handbook. Venice, CA:
Living Planet Press, 1992.
Pirone, Thomas P., John R. Hartman and Mary Ann Sall. Pirone's Tree Maintenance. 7th ed.
Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Shigo, Alex L. Tree Pruning A Worldwide Photo Guide. Durham, NH: Shigo and Trees,
Associates, 1989.
Texas Association of Nurseryman. Grades and Standards. Austin, TX: Texas Association of
Nurseryman, n.d.
TreePeople. The Simple Act of Planting a Tree: A Citizen Forester's Guide to Healing Your
Neighborhood, Your City, and Your World. Los Angeles, CA: Tarcher, 1990.
Appendix C-2
r
g
R
i
"'ROUND TEXAS
PURPOSE PASSION. PROSPERITY.
PROTECTED TREE REMOVAL APPLICATION FORM
City of Round Rock Parks and Recreation Department
Forestry Division
McConico Building, 301 W. Bagdad, Ste 250
Round Rock, TX 78664
512-218-5540
Date of Application: Name of Applicant:
Address of Property where trees are located:
Lot, tract, or parcel size:
Name of owner if different from applicant:
Applicant's day phone number:
E-mail address:
Fax number:
Tree species:
Size of tree in inches (measure 4'-6" from ground)
Circumference
or
Diameter
General condition of tree(s):
Reasons for removal:
To expedite this request, please provide photographs of the tree(s) and provide a plan view
sketch showing the location of the tree as it is sited on the property and estimated dripline on the
reverse side of this sheet.
Applicant's Signature
DEPARTMENT USE ONLY
Date:
Forestry Manager Comments/ Conditions of Approval:
Approval By: Date:
Questions? Contact the Forestry Manager: Emsud Horozovic, 341-3350, ehorozovic@round-
rock.tx.us
DATE: January 6, 2005
SUBJECT: City Council Meeting - January 13, 2005
ITEM: 10.C.1. Consider a resolution adopting the Tree Technical Manual.
Department: Parks and Recreation Department
Staff Person: Sharon Prete, Director
Emsud Horozovic, Forestry Manager
Justification:
This is a new manual that has been developed for the purpose of having standards and
specification in regards to tree surveys, tree protection and tree replacement/planting.
Standards are developed based on common practices already used in this area.
Funding:
Cost: N/A
Source of funds: N/A
Outside Resources: N/A
Background Information:
Currently, most of the developers are submitting plans based on the City of Austin
ordinance or by common practice in this area. The Tree Technical Manual: Standards and
Specification will standardize tree surveys, protection methods, and tree replacements.
Public Comment:
An Open House was held on November 10th and was attended by 25 people from the
development community and the public. Comments from the Open House were gathered
and answers sent to all attendees. A Public Forum was held on November 17th with 10
people attending. All of the documents were posted on the City's website. The Planning
and Zoning Commission had a presentation on their December 1st meeting. The Council
held a public hearing on December 2nd and the 1St reading of the ordinance was held on
December 16th. Amendments were made based on the public input.